摘要
最近的研究结果表明,女性可能比男性更容易受到吸烟的有害影响,发展为慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)。本文通过肺功能和住院率评估,研究了性别和吸烟对COPD发展的相互作用。共有13897名受试者出生于1920年以后,他们来自两个人口研究,9083名来自哥本哈根城市心脏研究(CCHS), 4814名来自Glostrup人口研究(GPS),他们被跟踪了7-16年。这些数据与因COPD而入院的信息有关。根据横断面数据,在CCHS中,每包年吸烟的女性吸烟者一秒内强迫呼气量(FEV1)的估计额外损失为7.4 mL,男性吸烟者吸入为6.3 mL。在GPS中,女性和男性相应的FEV1额外损失分别为10.5 mL和8.4 mL。随访期间,CCHS的218名受试者和GPS的23名受试者住院。风险久的女性高于男性(相对风险(RRs) 1 - 20、20 - 40和> 40久的7.0(3.5 - -14.1),9.8(4.9 - -19.6)和23.3(10.7 - -50.9)的女性,和3.2(1.1 - -9.1),5.7(2.2 - -14.3)和8.4(3.3 - -21.6)在男性),但交互项性别x久没有达到意义(p = 0.08)。结果与GPS相似。在更详细地调整吸烟因素后,两组中女性因COPD住院的风险均高于男性,CCHS的RR为1.5 (1.2-2.1),GPS的RR为3.6(1.4-9.0)。 This was not likely to be caused by a generally increased rate of hospital admission for females. Results were similar when including deaths from COPD as endpoint. In two independent population samples, smoking had greater impact on the lung function of females than males, and after adjusting for smoking females subsequently suffered a higher risk of being admitted to hospital for COPD. Results suggest that adverse effects of smoking on lung function may be greater in females than in males.