Figures
Tables
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Table. 1—
Conditions where suboptimal lung function results are likely
Chest or abdominal pain of any cause Oral or facial pain exacerbated by a mouthpiece Stress incontinence Dementia or confusional state -
Table. 2—
Activities that should preferably be avoided prior to lung function testing
Smoking within at least 1 h of testing Consuming alcohol within 4 h of testing Performing vigorous exercise within 30 min of testing Wearing clothing that substantially restricts full chest and abdominal expansion Eating a large meal within 2 h of testing -
Table. 3—
Possible order for undertaking lung function tests in a laboratory
Dynamic studies: spirometry, flow–volume loops, PEF Static lung volumes Inhalation of bronchodilator agent (if used) Diffusing capacity Repeat dynamic studies (if a bronchodilator was given) PEF: peak expiratory flow.
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Table. 4—
List of abbreviations and meanings
ATPD Ambient temperature, ambient pressure, and dry ATPS Ambient temperature and pressure saturated with water vapour BTPS Body temperature (i.e.37°C), ambient pressure, saturated with water vapour C Centigrade CFC Chlorofluorocarbons cm Centimetres COHb Carboxyhaemoglobin DL,CO Diffusing capacity for the lungs measured using carbon monoxide, also known as transfer factor DL,CO/VA Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide per unit of alveolar volume, also known asKCO DM Membrane-diffusing capacity DT Dwell time of flow >90% of PEF EFL Expiratory flow limitation ERV Expiratory reserve volume EV Back extrapolated volume EVC Expiratory vital capacity FA,X Fraction of gas X in the alveolar gas FA,X,t Alveolar fraction of gas X at time t FEF25-75% Mean forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC FEFX% Instantaneous forced expiratory flow when X% of the FVC has been expired FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in one second FEVt Forced expiratory volume in t seconds FE,X Fraction of expired gas X FIFX% Instantaneous forced inspiratory flow at the point where X% of the FVC has been expired FI,X Fraction of inspired gas X FIVC Forced inspiratory vital capacity FRC Functional residual capacity FVC Forced vital capacity H2O 水 Hb Haemoglobin Hg Mercury Hz Hertz; cycles per second IC Inspiratory capacity IVC Inspiratory vital capacity KCO Transfer coefficient of the lung (i.e.DL,CO/VA) kg Kilograms kPa Kilopascals L Litres L·敏-1 Litres per minute L·s-1 Litres per second lb Pounds weight MFVL Maximum flow–volume loop mg Milligrams mL Millilitres mm Millimetres MMEF Maximum mid-expiratory flow ms Milliseconds MVV Maximum voluntary ventilation PA,O2 Alveolar oxygen partial pressure PB Barometric pressure PEF Peak expiratory flow PH2O 水vapour partial pressure PI,O2 Inspired oxygen partial pressure θ (theta) Specific uptake of CO by the blood RT Rise time from 10% to 90% of PEF RV Residual volume s Seconds STPD Standard temperature (273 K, 0°C), pressure (101.3 kPa, 760 mmHg) and dry TB Tuberculosis TGV (orVTG) Thoracic gas volume tI Time taken for inspiration TLC Total lung capacity Tr Tracer gas ttot Total time of respiratory cycle VA Alveolar volume VA,eff Effective alveolar volume VC Vital capacity Vc Pulmonary capillary blood volume VD Dead space volume VI Inspired volume VS Volume of the expired sample gas μg Micrograms