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[(feet)-235.5(to)-237.2(the)-232.7(neares)-8.6(t)-230.8(c)-6.9(entimetre.)-242.3(W)72(eight)-236.6(was)-241.1(measured)-240.9(with-)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(out)-260.7(shoes)-262.7(and)-264.5(with)-262.1(empt)-9(y)-256.8(trouser)-268.6(pocket)-7.8(s.)-258.4(Before)-263.7(the)-261.2(test)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(was)-485.8(perfor)-9.8(med,)-484.2(each)-488(subject)-484.4(was)-485.8(inst)-9(ructed)-487.4(in)-481.9(all)-485.5(the)]TJ 25.1977 44.0733 TD [(requi)-8.2(red)-271.7(manoe)-7.8(uvres.)-269.1(A)-272.2(poster)-271.9(showing)-274.6(the)-266.8(different)-267.6(res-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(pirat)-10.6(ory)-339.6(phases)-337.8(was)-343.6(placed)-343.9(in)-339.6(front)-339.4(of)-338.9(the)-340.8(subject.)-342.5(After)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(the)-420.5(subject)-416.1(had)-418.1(adapted)-418.7(to)-413.6(the)-414.8(mout)-8.6(hpiece,)]TJ /F11 1 Tf 18.3008 0 TD ($)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.8308 0 TD [(4\261)-7.2(5)-410.5(tidal)]TJ -19.1316 -1.0471 TD [(volum)-9.3(es)-407.2(were)-407.7(record)-8.6(ed)-400.3(in)-407.9(order)-405.8(to)-407.9(deter)-8.6(mine)-407.3(a)-405.2(regular)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(end)-8.4(-expirator)-12.3(y)-279.6(baseline.)-286.8(The)-280(subje)-7.8(ct)-277.5(was)-286.7(asked)-284.7(to)-277.1(exhale)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(as)-333.2(far)-330.2(as)-327.5(possi)-8.6(ble,)-329.8(until)-329.6(the)-329.4(p)-6.5(oint)-326.5(that)-332.6(it)-330.7(was)-332.2(felt)-328.5(that)-332.6(the)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(lungs)-263.5(had)-258.8(been)-259.9(c)-6.9(ompletely)-268.3(emptied.)-264.8(Points)-260.1(that)-264.3(were)-259.8(em-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(pha)-8.4(sized)-213.1(incl)-8.2(uded)-214(the)-209.9(imp)-7.8(ortan)-8.2(ce)-212.9(of)-213.7(giving)-214.2(a)-211.7(sign)-217.2(when)-212.3(at)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(maxi)-9(mal)-457.8(exhala)-8.2(tion)-463.1(\(residual)-466.4(volume\),)-462.8(making)-460.1(a)-456.4(rapid)]TJ T* [(maxi)-9(mal)-304.1(inhal)-9(ation)-304.9(wi)-7.8(thin)-303.7(2\2612.5)-305(s)-303.6(t)0(o)-305.5(vita)-8.2(l)-299.1(c)0(a)-8(pacity)58.1(,)-302(con-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(tinu)-7.8(ing)-232.3(to)-231.5(hold)-233.1(the)-232.7(breat)-8.6(h)-228.4(for)-233.1(10)-229.2(s)-229.6(whi)-8.6(le)-231.9(relaxing)-235.2(agains)-9(t)-230.8(a)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(close)-8.2(d)-228.4(glot)-7.8(tis)-230.2(\(assi)-10.6(sted)-229(by)-234.8(the)-232.7(valve)-234.6(system\),)-237.5(and)-230.3(e)-6.9(xhaling)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(rapid)-8.2(ly)-248.6([14,)-249(1)-6.5(6].)-248.2(The)-251.5(test)-248.4(was)-252.5(perfor)-9.8(med)-250.5(on)-246.2(the)-255.5(subject)-251.1(in)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(a)-348.3(sit)-8.2(ting)-349.3(posit)-9.8(ion)-346.1(wear)-9.4(ing)-351.8(a)-348.3(nose)-351.8(clip.)-350(Eac)-7.2(h)-347.9(subject)-353.5(per-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(form)-9.4(ed)-297.8(up)-303.1(to)-299.8(four)-302.2(meas)-8.2(urem)-8.2(ents)-302.9(in)-299.8(order)-303.3(to)-305.5(provide)-305.6(two)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(error-free)-268.8(tests.)-267.8(A)-266.5(minim)-9.2(um)-266.4(interval)-271.7(of)-264.9(4)-262.5(min)-269.6(was)-269.6(requir-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ed)-377.5(betw)-9.8(een)-378.7(each)-379.8(test.)-379.7(The)-376.7(met)-8.2(hod)-377.9(of)-378.7(J)]TJ 6.974 0 0 6.974 469.247 604.29 Tm 0.0001 Tc (ONES)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 491.074 604.29 Tm 0 Tc [(and)-378.3(M)]TJ 6.974 0 0 6.974 518.003 604.29 Tm 0.0001 Tc (EADE)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 309.316 593.801 Tm 0 Tc [([17])-262.3(for)-261.6(determin)-10.7(ing)-255.1(breat)-8.6(h-hol)-7.8(ding)-255.8(time)-261.7(was)-258.2(used)-260.7(in)-260(this)]TJ T* [(study)55.2(.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0527 TD [(Of)-359.9(th)13.2(e)-365.4(1)0(,)21.6(2)0(7)15.5(5)-365(su)14.4(bj)18.9(ec)20.4(ts)-357.9(wh)17.3(o)-370.7(u)0(n)21.2(d)0(e)15.1(r)0(w)15.7(e)0(n)20.8(t)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 15.575 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 479.905 572.882 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 501.109 572.882 Tm 0 Tc [(me)17.7(as)14(ur)19.6(e-)]TJ -19.2511 -1.0471 TD [(me)12(nt)18.9(s,)-264.1(da)15.1(ta)-266.1(fr)18(om)-266.4(15)15.5(4)-273.9(w)0(e)16.9(r)0(e)-265.3(e)0(x)15.1(c)0(l)18.5(u)0(d)21.2(e)0(d)-269.4(f)0(r)18(o)0(m)-266.4(f)0(u)13.9(r)0(t)17.3(h)0(e)20.8(r)-275.5(an)15.1(al)18.5(ys)20(is)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(fo)13.9(r)-286.9(t)0(h)18.9(e)-291.4(fo)19.6(ll)16.5(ow)17.3(in)18.8(g)-291(r)0(e)19.2(a)0(s)13.9(o)0(n)21.2(s)0(:)-278.2(a)-291.4(le)18.4(ak)-280.8(in)-277.1(th)18.9(e)-291.4(s)0(a)19.6(m)0(p)18.1(l)0(e)-283.1(b)0(a)20.8(g)-291(oc)20.8(cu)15.1(r)20.4(-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ri)17.3(ng)-234.8(du)15.5(ri)17.3(ng)-234.8(th)18.8(e)-240.2(f)0(i)11.6(r)0(s)18.4(t)-242.1(18)-234.8(da)20.8(ys)-236(of)-236.4(th)18.8(e)-240.2(s)0(t)17.7(u)0(d)15.5(y)-245.5(\(n)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 16.7416 0 TD (=)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5406 0 TD [(10)15.5(8\))19.6(;)-247.8(i)13.9(na)15.1(bi)18.9(li)16.5(ty)]TJ -17.2822 -1.0527 TD [(to)-248.6(ho)15.5(ld)-242.9(br)14(ea)20.4(th)-248.6(fo)19.6(r)-258.4(1)0(0)-246.2(s)-252.3(in)-248.6(at)-249(le)18.4(as)19.6(t)-259.2(t)0(w)14.9(o)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 14.6816 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 461.027 531.042 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 481.096 531.042 Tm 0 Tc [(me)12(as)19.6(ur)19.6(em)12(en)20.8(ts)]TJ -17.2424 -1.0471 TD (\(n)Tj /F10 1 Tf 0.8081 0 TD (=)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5406 0 TD [(16)15.5(\),)-384(no)15.5(t)-390.1(f)0(u)13.9(l)0(f)17.3(i)0(l)16.5(l)0(i)22.2(n)0(g)-388.5(t)0(h)18.8(e)-393.8(re)13.5(pr)19.6(od)15.5(uc)20.8(ib)18.8(il)16.5(it)16.5(y)-393.4(c)0(r)19.2(i)0(t)16.5(e)0(r)13.5(i)0(o)18.8(n)-393.4(of)-384.4(tw)14.9(o)]TJ -1.3487 -1.0528 TD [(te)12.8(st)17.7(s)-349.1(b)0(e)15.1(i)0(n)18.8(g)-353.6(wi)14.9(t)13.9(h)0(i)13.2(n)-347.9(10)15.5(%)-355.9(o)0(f)-344.6(e)0(a)20.4(c)0(h)-343.4(o)0(t)18.9(h)0(e)15.1(r)-355.2(\(n)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 16.0417 0 TD (=)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5406 0 TD [(25)15.5(\);)-341.3(an)15.1(d)-353.6(u)0(n)21.2(d)0(e)15.1(r)20.4(-)]TJ -16.5823 -1.0471 TD [(go)15.5(in)18.9(g)-251.2(u)0(n)15.5(s)0(a)19.6(t)0(i)16.5(s)0(f)18.4(a)0(c)14.7(t)0(o)18.8(r)0(y)-247.8(s)0(p)20(i)0(r)17.3(o)0(m)18.1(e)0(t)18.4(r)0(i)11.6(c)-251.6(me)17.7(as)19.6(ur)13.9(em)17.7(en)15.1(ts)-244.1(\(n)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 19.4275 0 TD (=)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5406 0 TD [(5\))13.9(.)-250.8(T)0(h)17.1(e)]TJ -19.9681 -1.0527 TD [(re)13.5(fe)19.2(re)13.5(nc)20.8(e)-314.2(e)0(q)20.8(u)0(a)15.1(t)0(i)16.5(o)0(n)21.2(s)-314.9(fo)19.6(r)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.3723 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 408.132 489.203 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 428.825 489.203 Tm 0 Tc [(\(i)17.3(n)-308.1(m)0(m)14.9(o)0(l)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 3.659 0.1992 TD (.)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.2731 -0.1992 TD [(mi)15.7(n)]TJ 7.472 0 0 6.641 483.08 493.625 Tm (-1)Tj /F7 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 489.033 491.187 Tm (.)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.2732 -0.1992 TD [(kP)16.3(a)]TJ 7.472 0 0 6.641 506.324 493.625 Tm (-1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 512.277 489.203 Tm 0.3097 Tc [(\)u)309.7(s)324(e)309.7(d)]TJ -20.3722 -1.0471 TD 0 Tc [(in)-379.5(th)18.9(is)-375(an)15.1(al)18.5(ys)20(is)-380.7(w)12.4(e)0(r)13.5(e)-382.4(de)15.1(ri)17.3(ve)20.8(d)-387.7(f)0(r)18(o)0(m)-380.3(a)-382.4(se)19.6(gm)12.4(en)20.8(t)-384.4(o)0(f)-378.7(h)0(e)15.1(a)0(l)18.5(t)0(h)18.8(y)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(su)14.4(bj)18.9(ec)14.7(t)13.9(s)-371.8(w)12.4(h)0(o)-360(h)0(a)20.8(d)-370.7(ne)20.8(ve)15.1(r)-366.6(s)0(m)16.9(o)0(k)21.2(e)0(d)15.1(,)-364.6(ta)18.5(ke)15.1(n)-365(f)0(r)18(o)0(m)-363.2(a)-365.4(ra)19.2(nd)15.5(om)18.1(ly)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(se)13.9(le)18.4(ct)18.4(ed)-332(po)21.2(pu)15.5(la)18.4(ti)16.5(on)-325.9(fr)12.4(om)-329(th)18.9(e)-336.9(s)0(o)20(u)0(t)13.2(h)0(-)19.6(w)0(e)16.9(s)0(t)17.7(e)0(r)13.5(n)-336.5(co)20.8(as)13.9(t)-338.9(o)0(f)-327.5(N)0(o)17.3(r)20.4(-)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(wa)16.9(y)67.5(,)-455.6(an)20.8(d)-456(w)0(e)16.9(r)0(e)-447.4(a)0(s)-447(f)0(o)19.6(l)0(l)16.5(o)0(w)17.3(s)-457.2([1)19.6(4]:)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 13.4866 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 449.178 447.364 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 471.628 447.364 Tm 0 Tc [(\(females)-11.5(\))]TJ /F10 1 Tf 3.7102 0 TD (=)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.7227 0 TD (-4.93)Tj -20.725 -1.0471 TD [(+9.)-8.2(1)33.4(1)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 2.2876 0 TD (=)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.552 0 TD [(height)-527.6(\(in)-518.4(m\))-518.4(-)-520.2(0.043)-521.3(age)-520.9(\(in)-518.4(yrs\);)-522.7(and)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 17.6236 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 518.683 436.932 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 309.316 426.444 Tm 0 Tc [(\(mal)-10.6(es\))]TJ /F10 1 Tf 2.9534 0 TD (=)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.7227 0 TD [(-8.05+1)-7.1(2.17)-338.4(height)-339.8(\(in)-336.3(m\))-336.3(-0.057)-335.8(age)-338.8(\(in)-336.3(yrs\).)]TJ -2.6746 -1.0471 TD [(Sp)16.3(ir)17.3(om)18.1(et)12.8(ry)-355.9(wa)16.9(s)-366.2(a)0(l)18.5(s)0(o)-361.2(p)0(e)20.8(r)0(f)18(o)0(r)13.9(m)0(e)17.7(d)-365(us)14.3(in)18.9(g)-365(t)0(h)18.8(e)-371.1(G)12.4(o)0(u)15.5(l)0(d)-356.7(2)0(1)15.5(0)0(0)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0527 TD 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[(symp)-7.4(toms)-305.7(and)-304.3(breat)-8.6(hlessness)-310.7(score)-309(using)-309(multip)-9.2(le)-300.2(line)-8.2(ar)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(regres)-9.8(sion)-274.1(analys)-9(is.)-272.9(Smoki)-8.5(ng)-274.7(habits)-278.4(wer)-8.2(e)-268.6(catego)-8.2(rized)-281.7(ac-)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(cordi)-8.2(ng)-354.3(to)-351(the)-357.9(three)-355.7(groups)-360.2(mentioned)-362.7(earlier)25.3(,)-353.2(and)-355.5(wer)-8.2(e)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(analys)-9(ed)-269.4(using)-274.8(the)-266.8(dumm)-9.3(y)-268.2(varia)-8.6(ble)-266.8(techni)-10.1(que.)-270.5(All)-272.7(analy-)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(ses)-352.2(were)-350.8(perfor)-9.8(med)-347.3(u)-6.5(sing)-348.1(the)-352.2(Biome)-8.8(dical)-350.8(Data)-351.6(Pac)-8(kage)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(statist)-12(ical)-572(software)-575.3(package)-576(\(Univers)-11.5(ity)-570.4(of)-566.5(Calif)-9.6(ornia)-8.2(,)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(Berkeley)52.3(,)-336.1(CA,)-334.9(USA\))-341.8([20].)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9.8617 -3.329 TD (Results)Tj /F8 1 Tf -8.8602 -2.0998 TD [(Th)17.1(e)-245.9(c)0(h)15.1(a)0(r)19.2(a)0(c)14.7(t)0(e)18.4(r)0(i)17.3(s)0(t)17.7(i)0(c)18.4(s)-246.7(of)-242.1(th)18.9(e)-245.9(s)0(t)17.7(u)0(d)15.5(y)-245.5(po)15.5(pu)15.5(l)13.9(a)0(t)12.8(i)0(o)18.9(n)-245.5(ar)13.5(e)-245.9(s)0(h)20(o)0(w)17.3(n)-251.2(in)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0527 TD [(ta)18.4(bl)18.9(e)-262.9(2)0(.)-257.2(There)-272.1(were)-271.2(more)-275.7(curren)-8.6(t)-264.9(smok)-7.4(ers)-267.2(and)-270.2(exsm)-7.8(okers)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(among)-223.6(males)-221.9(than)-216.4(among)-223.6(fema)-8.6(les.)-217.2(Smoki)-8.6(ng)-212.1(co)-7.6(nsumpti)-8.7(on)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(was)-343.6(approxi)-9.7(mately)-343.3(twice)-349.1(as)-338.9(high)-341.2(in)-339.7(mal)-8.2(es)-338.9(as)-338.9(in)-339.7(fema)-8.6(les)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(\(mea)-8.6(n\213)]TJ 6.974 0 0 6.974 88.328 394.979 Tm 0.0001 Tc (SD)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 97.228 394.979 Tm 0 Tc [(\))-429.2(8.4\213)-7.2(12.4)-429.5(and)-435.2(3.3\213)-7.2(6.7)-428.7(pack-yr)-9.3(s)-434.4(respective)-11.1(ly)58.7(,)]TJ -3.9094 -1.0527 TD [(curren)-8.6(t)-350.3(a)0(n)-7.6(d)-347.9(e)-6.9(xsmokers)-360.7(combined.)-359.9(Al)-7.8(l)-350.3(respi)-9.4(ratory)-357.7(symp)-7.4(-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(toms,)-311.7(with)-313.3(the)-312.4(exception)-314.4(of)-310.4(breath)-9.4(lessness,)-316(were)-311(slightl)-10.4(y)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(more)-275.7(o)-6.5(ften)-274.9(reported)-279.9(by)-274.7(mal)-8.2(es)-270.6(than)-279(fema)-8.6(les.)-274.1(The)-274.3(opposi)-8.1(te)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(tenden)-7.8(cy)-326.3(was)-326.5(noted)-325.3(for)-329.8(the)-323.7(symp)-7.4(tom)-7.8(s)-320.6(o)0(f)-327.5(breathless)-11.9(ness,)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(with)-267.8(21%)-260.7(o)-6.5(f)-258.4(the)-266.8(females)-270.9(reporting)-271.3(the)-261.2(symp)-7.4(tom)-263.9(and)-264.5(only)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(14%)-368.8(of)-367.3(the)-369.3(males)-369.8(\(tabl)-10.6(e)-365.4(2\).)-367.7(In)-367.3(both)-369.6(males)-369.8(and)-366.9(fema)-8.6(les,)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(subje)-7.8(cts)-586.7(with)-592.2(respirato)-11.1(ry)-589.3(symptom)-9.5(s)-588.1(had)-588.8(lower)-592.6(unad-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD (justed)Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.7372 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 91.049 311.301 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 112.479 311.301 Tm 0 Tc [(than)-370(subje)-7.8(cts)-370.5(without)-374.9(\(table)-370.2(3\).)-367.7(Exc)-6.8(ept)-369.3(for)]TJ -5.4402 -1.0527 TD [(breat)-8.6(hlessness,)-345.2(the)-335.1(magni)-9.7(tude)-335.9(of)-338.9(the)-340.8(dif)10.8(ference)-345.9(in)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 20.4575 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 267.647 300.813 Tm (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 58.28 290.381 Tm [(between)-251.9(those)-246.8(with)-245.1(and)-241.7(wi)-7.8(thout)-241.9(eac)-9.2(h)-239.8(symp)-7.4(tom)-241.1(ranged)-251.7(6\261)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(13%)-289.2(in)-282.7(both)-284.3(sexes,)-291.9(being)-285.4(highes)-8.6(t)-282(for)-290(morning)-291.3(cough)-288.7(and)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(chroni)-9(c)-336.9(cough,)-346(and)-338.4(lowest)-344.9(for)-341.2(whee)-7.8(zing.)-342(The)-342.6(difference)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(in)-390.9(mean)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.6932 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 100.63 258.973 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 122.287 258.973 Tm 0 Tc [(between)-394.1(those)-389.1(wi)-7.8(th)-385.2(and)-389.7(wi)-7.8(thout)-389.8(breat)-8.6(h-)]TJ -6.4246 -1.0471 TD [(lessne)-10.1(ss)-419.3(grade)-421.6(2)-416.2(and)-418.1(breat)-8.6(hless)-9(ness)-421.2(grade)-421.6(3)-416.2(was)-423.2(much)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(higher)-225.2(in)-214.5(male)-9.4(s)-212.5(\(resp)-8.6(ectively)-225(21)-217.8(and)-218.9(47%\))-217.6(than)-222.1(in)-214.5(fema)-8.6(les)]TJ T* [(\(resp)-8.6(ectively)-515.2(13)-508(and)-503.5(1)-6.5(5%\).)-507.4(When)-511.1(compa)-7.8(ring)-507.8(subje)-7.8(cts)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(with)-575.1(and)-577.4(without)-574.1(b)-6.5(ronchial)-576.6(asthma)-12.1(,)-569.4(n)0(o)-570.6(difference)-574.1(in)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 0 -1.0527 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 63.78 206.646 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 84.699 206.646 Tm 0 Tc [(was)-309.4(o)-6.5(bserved,)-316.6(in)-311.2(either)-319(males)-312.9(o)-6.5(r)-309.7(females.)-316.8(Pa)-6.8(tients)]TJ -2.6518 -1.0471 TD [(suffering)-277.4(from)-282.5(COLD)-281.5(had)-281.5(signifi)-9.6(cantly)-283.3(lower)-279.6(unadju)-7.4(sted)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 0 -1.0527 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 63.78 185.726 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 85.55 185.726 Tm 0 Tc [(than)-398.5(those)-400.4(without)-403.4(COLD)-401(\(table)-404.4(3\),)-396.2(and)-395.3(a)-399.5(mean)]TJ -2.7372 -1.0471 TD [(20%)-260.7(pred)-261.1(fall)-260.2(in)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 6.6921 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 130.45 175.294 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 150.86 175.294 Tm 0 Tc [(was)-258.2(noted)-262.7(in)-260(males)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 7.8586 0 TD (versus)Tj /F8 1 Tf 2.7941 0 TD [(12%)-260.7(in)]TJ -19.9454 -1.0528 TD [(fema)-8.6(les.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(In)-287.7(ma)12(le)18.4(s,)-286.9(th)13.2(e)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.406 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 127.502 154.375 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 148.082 154.375 Tm 0 Tc [(\(i)17.3(n)-296.7(%)-299(pr)13.9(ed)20.8(\))-298.3(d)0(e)15.1(c)0(r)19.2(e)0(a)14.7(s)0(e)19.6(d)-296.7(si)17.7(gn)15.5(if)17.3(ic)18.4(an)15.1(tl)16.5(y)]TJ -9.0138 -1.0528 TD [(wi)14.9(th)-481.9(i)13.9(n)0(c)15.1(r)0(e)19.2(a)0(s)14(i)0(n)18.9(g)-490.2(br)19.6(ea)14.7(th)18.9(le)18.4(ss)18.9(ne)15.1(ss)-481.9(sc)19.6(or)19.6(e)-490.6(\()0(p)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 16.0587 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5406 0 TD [(0.)15.9(00)21.2(1\))-481.1(\(f)18(ig)13.2(.)-484.1(1\),)]TJ -16.5993 -1.0471 TD [(where)-10.1(as)-333.2(in)-334(fema)-8.6(les)-336.3(no)-331.6(such)-340.4(trend)-338.2(was)-337.9(observ)-7.8(ed.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0528 TD -0.0179 Tc [(I)-17.9(n)-294.2(a)-303.6(m)-17.9(ul)-17.9(ti)-17.9(pl)-17.9(e)-295.4(l)-17.9(in)-17.9(ea)-17.9(r)-294.6(r)-17.9(eg)-17.9(re)-17.9(ss)-17.9(io)-17.9(n)-292.6(a)-17.9(na)-17.9(ly)-17.9(si)-17.9(s)-296.1(o)-17.9(f)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 16.5766 0 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 238.79 122.967 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 259.2 122.967 Tm 0 Tc [(ad)15.1(ju)18.8(st)17.7(-)]TJ -20.1673 -1.0471 TD [(in)18.9(g)-296.7(f)0(o)19.6(r)-298.3(se)19.6(x,)-285.7(ag)15.1(e)-297.1(a)0(n)20.8(d)-296.7(he)20.8(ig)13.2(ht)-282.7(as)-287.7(we)16.9(ll)-290.8(as)-282(sm)16.9(ok)15.5(in)18.9(g)-296.7(h)0(a)20.8(b)0(i)13.2(t)0(s)17.7(,)-290.6(th)13.2(e)]TJ 25.1977 26.5749 TD [(sy)14.4(mp)18.1(to)18.8(ms)-307.5(co)20.8(ug)15.5(h)-308.1(i)0(n)-305.5(t)0(h)18.9(e)-314.2(mo)18.1(rn)19.6(in)13.2(g)-308.1(a)0(n)15.1(d)-308.1(ch)15.1(ro)19.6(ni)13.2(c)-308.5(c)0(o)15.1(u)0(g)21.2(h)-313.8(we)16.9(re)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(st)17.7(il)16.5(l)-264.9(s)0(i)17.7(g)0(n)21.2(i)0(f)17.3(i)0(c)18.4(a)0(n)15.1(t)0(l)16.5(y)-256.8(as)13.9(so)20(ci)18.4(at)18.4(ed)-252.3(wi)14.9(th)-254.3(a)-257.2(r)0(e)19.2(d)0(u)15.5(c)0(e)14.7(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 17.0489 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 484.611 366.69 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 504.737 366.69 Tm 0 Tc [(wh)17.3(er)13.5(ea)20.4(s)]TJ -19.6153 -1.0641 TD [(ph)15.5(le)18.4(gm)-255.1(wh)11.6(en)-252.3(co)15.1(ug)21.2(hi)13.2(ng)-251.9(an)15.1(d)-262.5(w)0(h)17.3(e)0(e)14.7(z)0(i)18.5(n)0(g)-257.6(w)12.4(er)13.5(e)-262.9(n)0(o)-257.6(l)0(o)18.9(n)0(g)21.2(e)0(r)-259.6(s)0(i)17.7(g)0(-)]TJ T* [(ni)13.2(fi)17.3(ca)20.4(nt)18.9(ly)-288.4(as)13.9(so)20(ci)18.4(at)18.4(ed)-292.2(\(t)17.3(ab)20.8(le)-288.8(4\).)-299.4(Breathle)-12.7(ssness)-311.3(was)-309.4(related)]TJ T* [(to)-237.2(decreased)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.1386 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 366.009 334.885 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 386.135 334.885 Tm 0 Tc [(after)-232.1(adjus)-7.8(ting)-235.4(for)-233.1(sex,)-231.9(a)-6.9(ge,)-229.9(height)-237.4(and)]TJ -7.7107 -1.0641 TD [(smok)-7.4(ing)-442.8(habits,)-443.8(and)-446.6(a)-439.4(greater)-444.6(reduct)-9.4(ion)-442.8(in)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 18.261 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 496.743 324.283 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 518.91 324.283 Tm 0 Tc (with)Tj -21.038 -1.0641 TD 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TD [(mo)18.1(de)15.1(l)-390.1(a)0(t)-379.9(t)0(h)18.9(e)-393.8(sa)19.6(me)-380.7(ti)16.5(me)17.7(.)-393(T)12.2(he)-383.2(on)21.2(ly)-385.2(i)13.9(n)0(t)13.2(e)0(r)19.2(a)0(c)14.7(t)0(i)22.2(o)0(n)-382.8(t)0(e)18.4(r)0(m)16.5(s)-388.9(th)13.2(at)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(re)19.2(ma)12(in)18.9(ed)-366.1(si)17.7(gn)21.2(if)11.6(i)13.9(c)0(a)14.7(n)0(t)18.9(l)0(y)-368.1(r)0(e)19.2(l)0(a)18.4(t)0(e)12.8(d)-370.7(to)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 13.3216 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 196.441 456.321 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 217.701 456.321 Tm 0 Tc [(we)16.9(re)-367.7(ch)15.1(ro)19.6(ni)18.9(c)-376.7(c)0(o)15.1(-)]TJ -16.0018 -1.0471 TD [(ug)15.5(h/)18.9(sm)16.9(ok)21.2(in)13.2(g)-319.4(\()0(p)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 6.2368 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5406 0 TD [(0.)15.9(02)21.2(\))-326.7(a)0(n)15.1(d)-319.4(br)13.9(ea)20.4(th)18.9(le)12.8(ss)18.9(ne)20.8(ss)13.2(/s)17.7(ex)-314.9(\(p)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 12.3257 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5463 0 TD [(0.)21.6(01)15.5(\).)]TJ /F5 1 Tf -10.482 -3.1753 TD [(Discuss)-9.1(ion)]TJ /F8 1 Tf -8.1659 -2.0998 TD [(Th)17.1(is)-255.5(No)17.3(rw)15.7(eg)15.1(ia)18.4(n)-262.5(c)0(o)15.1(m)0(m)14.9(u)0(n)21.2(i)0(t)16.5(y)-268.2(st)17.7(ud)21.2(y)-268.2(s)0(h)20(o)0(w)17.3(e)0(d)-258(t)0(h)18.9(a)0(t)-260.4(s)0(u)20(b)0(j)18.9(e)0(c)14.7(t)0(s)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(re)19.2(po)15.5(rt)17.3(in)18.8(g)-569.8(r)0(e)13.5(s)0(p)20(i)0(r)17.3(a)0(t)18.4(o)0(r)13.9(y)-569.8(sy)14.4(mp)18.1(to)18.9(ms)-563.5(ha)15.1(d)-569.8(l)0(o)18.9(w)0(e)16.9(r)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 18.2382 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 245.424 382.904 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 268.668 382.904 Tm 0 Tc [(th)18.8(an)]TJ -21.1176 -1.0527 TD [(th)18.9(os)14.4(e)-200.3(n)0(o)15.5(t)-202.3(re)19.2(po)21.2(rt)17.3(in)13.2(g)-199.9(t)0(h)18.9(e)0(s)13.9(e)-200.3(sy)20(mp)12.4(to)18.9(ms)16.9(.)-199.6(H)0(o)17.3(w)0(e)16.9(v)0(e)15.1(r)43.2(,)-205.2(o)0(n)21.2(l)0(y)-197.4(b)0(r)19.6(e)0(a)14.7(t)0(h)18.9(-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(le)18.4(ss)18.9(ne)15.1(ss)-470.5(w)12.4(a)0(s)-469.7(i)0(n)13.2(d)0(e)20.8(p)0(e)15.1(n)0(d)21.2(e)0(n)15.1(t)0(l)16.5(y)-473.1(as)13.9(so)20(ci)18.4(at)12.8(ed)-468.6(w)12.4(i)0(t)16.5(h)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 18.261 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 245.594 361.984 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 267.931 361.984 Tm 0 Tc [(af)13.5(te)18.4(r)]TJ -21.0437 -1.0528 TD [(ad)15.1(ju)18.9(st)17.7(in)18.9(g)-222.7(f)0(o)19.6(r)-224.3(se)19.6(x,)-217.4(ag)20.8(e,)-212.1(sm)16.9(ok)15.5(in)18.9(g)-222.7(h)0(a)15.1(b)0(i)18.9(t)0(s)17.7(,)-222.3(he)20.8(ig)13.2(ht)-208.8(an)15.1(d)-222.7(t)0(h)18.9(e)-223.1(ot)18.9(he)15.1(r)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(re)19.2(sp)14.4(ir)17.3(at)18.5(or)19.6(y)-444.6(s)0(y)20(m)0(p)12.4(t)0(o)18.9(m)0(s)16.9(,)-438.6(an)15.1(d)-444.6(a)0(l)18.5(s)0(o)-435.2(a)0(f)19.2(t)0(e)18.4(r)-446.2(ex)20.8(cl)18.5(ud)15.5(in)18.9(g)-444.6(s)0(u)20(b)0(j)18.9(e)0(c)14.7(t)0(s)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(wi)14.9(th)-430.7(ob)15.5(st)17.7(ru)19.6(ct)18.4(iv)18.9(e)-445(l)0(u)18.9(n)0(g)-428.3(d)0(i)13.2(s)0(e)19.6(a)0(s)19.6(e)0(.)-434(T)0(h)17.1(e)-439.3(re)13.5(l)13.9(a)0(t)12.8(i)0(o)18.9(n)0(s)20(h)0(i)18.9(p)-444.6(be)20.8(tw)14.9(ee)14.7(n)]TJ 25.1977 22.0736 TD [(br)13.9(ea)20.4(th)13.2(l)13.9(e)0(s)13.9(s)0(n)20(e)0(s)14(s)-542.6(an)20.8(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8.0407 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 394.866 550.488 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)29(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 417.827 550.488 Tm 0 Tc [(w)12.4(a)0(s)-538(s)0(i)17.7(g)0(n)21.2(i)0(f)17.3(i)0(c)18.4(a)0(n)15.1(t)0(l)16.5(y)-541.4(st)17.7(ro)19.6(ng)15.5(er)-532.8(in)]TJ -10.8917 -1.0755 TD [(ma)12(le)18.4(s)-320.6(t)0(h)13.2(a)0(n)-309.2(i)0(n)-316.9(f)0(e)19.2(m)0(a)12(l)0(e)18.5(s)0(.)-315.3(C)11.6(hr)13.9(on)21.2(ic)-317.3(co)20.8(ug)15.5(h)-325.1(w)12.4(as)-316.1(mo)18.1(re)-316.5(st)17.7(ro)13.9(ng)21.2(ly)]TJ T* [(re)13.5(la)18.4(te)18.4(d)-325.1(t)0(o)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 4.0346 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.898 529.058 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 375.704 529.058 Tm 0 Tc [(in)-316.9(sm)16.9(ok)21.2(er)13.5(s)-320.6(t)0(h)13.2(a)0(n)-314.9(i)0(n)-311.2(n)0(o)15.5(n)0(s)20(m)0(o)12.4(k)0(e)20.8(r)0(s)18.5(.)]TJ -5.6621 -1.0471 TD [(In)-395.8(th)18.8(e)-399.5(p)0(r)13.9(e)0(s)19.6(e)0(n)15.1(t)-401.5(st)17.7(ud)21.2(y)67.5(,)-398.7(32)21.2(%)-407.2(w)12.4(er)13.5(e)-399.5(n)0(o)15.5(t)-401.5(ab)20.8(le)-391.3(to)-396.6(fu)19.6(lf)17.3(il)16.5(l)-401.5(t)0(h)18.9(e)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0755 TD [(cr)13.5(it)16.5(er)19.2(io)18.8(n)-365(o)0(f)-355.9(a)0(n)-354.7(i)0(n)18.9(s)0(p)20(i)0(r)17.3(a)0(t)12.8(o)0(r)19.6(y)-365(vi)18.9(ta)18.4(l)-367.3(c)0(a)20.4(p)0(a)15.1(c)0(i)18.5(t)0(y)-356.7(\()0(I)18(V)0(C)18.3(\))]TJ /F11 1 Tf 18.9951 0 TD ($)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.8251 0 TD [(90)21.2(%)-367.3(o)0(f)]TJ -19.8202 -1.0755 TD [(FV)12.4(C)-386.7(o)0(n)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.6875 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 351.439 497.197 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 372.869 497.197 Tm 0 Tc [(me)17.7(as)19.6(ur)13.9(em)17.7(en)15.1(t.)-373.4(It)-381.1(ha)20.8(s)-388.9(b)0(e)20.8(e)0(n)-377.5(r)0(e)13.5(c)0(e)20.4(n)0(t)18.9(l)0(y)-379.5(a)0(d)15.1(v)0(o)21.2(-)]TJ -6.3791 -1.0755 TD [(ca)14.7(te)18.4(d)-262.5(t)0(h)18.9(a)0(t)-254.7(d)0(a)15.1(t)0(a)-254.7(f)0(r)18(o)0(m)-255.1(t)0(h)18.9(e)0(s)13.9(e)-262.9(su)20(bj)18.8(ec)14.7(ts)-255.5(sh)20(ou)15.5(ld)-254.3(no)21.2(t)-264.9(b)0(e)-252.3(e)0(x)15.1(c)0(l)18.4(u)0(d)15.5(e)0(d)]TJ T* [(fr)12.4(om)-459.9(fu)13.9(rt)17.3(he)20.8(r)-469(a)0(n)15.1(a)0(l)18.4(y)0(s)14.4(e)0(s)-458.4([)0(1)13.9(5].)-470.1(Rather)20.1(,)-478.4(the)-483.1(IVC/F)-10(VC)-482.5(ratio)]TJ T* [(obtai)-9(ned)-372.6(should)-372.3(be)-371.8(incl)-8.2(uded)-367.7(in)-373.8(the)-369.3(an)-7.6(alyses.)-374.7(When)-374.5(this)]TJ T* [(was)-343.6(done)-339.2(in)-339.7(the)-335.1(p)-6.5(resent)-340.6(study)55.2(,)-336.1(only)-341.2(slight)-343(changes)-343.5(were)]TJ T* [(noted)-285.4(in)-282.7(the)-283.9(relations)-11.9(hips)-285.5(between)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 13.9646 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 453.997 443.622 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 474.576 443.622 Tm 0 Tc [(and)-281.5(the)-283.9(respira-)]TJ -16.588 -1.0755 TD [(tory)-229(symp)-7.4(toms.)-232.1(Furthe)-8.2(rmore,)-227.2(no)-229.2(changes)-229.7(wer)-8.2(e)-223.1(seen)-227(in)-225.8(the)]TJ /F3 1 Tf T* (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 314.872 422.192 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 332.674 422.192 Tm 0 Tc [(/respiratory)-415.7(symp)-7.4(tom)-406.2(associati)-11.9(ons)-407.5(when)-405.7(adjus)-7.8(ting)]TJ -2.3445 -1.0698 TD [(for)-341.2(the)-335.1(stratif)-11.6(ied)-335.1(samplin)-9.1(g.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0528 TD [(Th)17.1(e)-257.2(i)0(n)18.8(d)0(e)15.1(p)0(e)20.8(n)0(d)15.5(e)0(n)20.8(t)-259.2(re)19.2(la)18.4(ti)16.5(on)15.5(sh)20(ip)-248.6(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 12.6842 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 451.105 401.046 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 471.175 401.046 Tm 0 Tc [(to)-248.6(br)19.6(ea)14.7(th)18.9(le)18.4(ss)13.2(ne)20.8(ss)]TJ -16.2465 -1.0755 TD [(an)15.1(d)-313.8(n)0(o)15.5(t)-310.4(to)-305.5(th)13.2(e)-314.2(o)0(t)18.9(h)0(e)20.8(r)-315.3(re)13.5(sp)20(ir)17.3(at)18.5(or)14(y)-313.8(s)0(y)20(m)0(p)18.1(t)0(o)18.8(m)0(s)-307.5(m)0(a)12(y)-313.7(ha)20.8(ve)-309.2(se)19.6(v-)]TJ T* [(er)13.5(al)-556.3(ex)15.1(pl)18.9(an)20.8(at)12.8(i)13.9(o)0(n)15.5(s)0(.)-554.3(F)0(i)14(r)0(s)18.4(t)0(,)-555.5(r)0(e)13.5(s)0(p)20(i)0(r)17.3(a)0(t)18.5(o)0(r)13.9(y)-564.1(sy)20(mp)12.4(to)18.9(ms)-557.8(su)20(ch)-559.6(as)]TJ T* [(co)15.1(ug)15.5(h)-285.3(a)0(n)20.8(d)-291(ph)21.2(le)18.4(gm)-283.5(ma)17.7(y)-285.3(b)0(e)-280.8(r)0(e)19.2(l)0(a)18.4(t)0(e)12.8(d)-285.3(to)-277.1(ot)18.9(he)15.1(r)-286.9(d)0(i)18.9(s)0(e)14(a)0(s)19.6(e)0(s)-276.3(o)0(f)-282(t)0(h)18.9(e)]TJ T* [(up)15.5(pe)15.1(r)-434.8(a)0(i)18.4(r)0(w)15.7(a)0(y)15.1(s)-434.4(th)18.9(at)-431.1(do)-428.3(no)21.2(t)-435.6(a)0(f)24.9(f)0(e)19.2(c)0(t)-431.1(g)0(a)20.8(s)-440.1(di)18.8(f)20.4(f)0(u)13.9(s)0(i)17.7(n)0(g)-422.6(c)0(a)14.7(p)0(a)15.1(c)0(i)18.4(t)0(y)81.5(.)]TJ ET 1 i 58.28 768.302 478.205 -0.51 re f 180.85 753.335 165.033 -0.283 re f 362.494 753.335 173.99 -0.283 re f 58.28 727.427 478.205 -0.454 re f 58.28 625.833 478.205 -0.51 re f BT /F2 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 58.28 772.667 Tm [(Table)-331.9(3.)-336.7(\261)-567.2(Mean)-236.1(single-breath)-240.6(transfer)-232.6(factor)-238.7(of)-235.5(the)-233.6(lung)-237.8(for)-237.6(carbon)-234.2(monoxide)-235(\()]TJ /F14 1 Tf 34.5357 0 TD (T)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 373.436 772.667 Tm (L,CO)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 390.161 772.667 Tm [(\))-236.1(b)0(y)-237.9(respiratory)-238.3(symptoms)-235.3(and)-234.5(by)-237.9(sex)]TJ /F8 1 Tf -15.7883 -1.7135 TD [(Females)-17906.3(Males)]TJ -6.9868 -1.6629 TD (Symptom)Tj 0.5058 -1.0559 TD (present)Tj 6.5632 1.0559 TD (Symptom)Tj 0.6702 -1.0559 TD (absent)Tj 6.481 1.0559 TD [(p-value)-3325.2(Symptom)]TJ 6.7971 -1.0559 TD (present)Tj 7.0627 1.0559 TD (Symptom)Tj 0.6639 -1.0559 TD (absent)Tj 6.7339 1.0559 TD (p-value)Tj -49.717 -3.054 TD [(Morning)-335.6(cough)-8071.6(7.31\2131.78)-2812.9(7.95\2131.51)-3792.9(0.0002)-3319.9(9.76\2132.56)-2844.5(1)32.1(1.15\2132.26)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 49.717 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.0001)Tj -50.2671 -1.0559 TD [(Phlegm)-334.7(when)-336.2(coughing)-4759.2(7.30\2131.55)-2812.9(7.93\2131.57)-3792.9(0.0007)-2820.4(10.23\2132.74)-2844(1)32.1(1.05\2132.24)-3792.9(0.0004)]TJ T* [(Chronic)-333.1(cough)-8356.1(7.04\2131.83)-2812.9(7.89\2131.55)-3792.9(0.001)30.7(1)-3350.7(9.66\2132.66)-2812.9(10.99\2132.33)-3792.4(0.0001)]TJ T* [(Wheezing)-10303.2(7.50\2131.69)-2812.9(7.95\2131.53)-3792.9(0.004)-3320.4(10.32\2132.41)-2844(1)32.1(1.07\2132.35)-3792.9(0.0007)]TJ T* [(Breathlessness)-335.9(grade)-339.4(1*)-4633.7(7.03\2131.51)-2812.9(8.03\2131.56)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 284.372 681.108 Tm (+)Tj /F10 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 313.455 677.14 Tm (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD [(0.0001)-3319.9(9.70\2132.13)-2844.5(1)32.1(1.19\2132.21)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 474.973 681.108 Tm (+)Tj /F10 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 504.057 677.14 Tm (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.0001)Tj -50.2671 -1.0559 TD [(Breathlessness)-335.9(grade)-339.4(2**)-4133.7(7.05\2131.57)-2812.9(8.03\2131.56)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 284.372 671.641 Tm (+)Tj /F10 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 313.455 667.672 Tm (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD [(0.0001)-3319.9(8.79\2132.16)-2844.5(1)32.1(1.19\2132.21)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 474.973 671.641 Tm (+)Tj /F10 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 504.057 667.672 Tm (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.0001)Tj -50.2671 -1.0559 TD [(Breathlessness)-335.9(grade)-339.4(3***)-3633.6(6.85\2132.92)-2812.9(8.03\2131.56)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 284.372 662.173 Tm (+)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 318.387 658.205 Tm [(0.097)-3819.9(5.92\2131.69)-2844.5(1)32.1(1.19\2132.21)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 474.973 662.173 Tm (+)Tj /F10 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 504.057 658.205 Tm (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.0001)Tj -50.2671 -1.0559 TD [(Breathlessness)-335.9(grade)-339.4(4****)-4733.3(\261)-6569(\261)-11589.4(4.80\2133.18)-2844.5(1)32.1(1.19\2132.21)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 474.973 652.705 Tm (+)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 508.989 648.737 Tm (0.0001)Tj -50.2671 -1.0559 TD [(Bronchial)-334.2(asthma)-7285.9(7.82\2131.66)-2812.9(7.83\2131.58)-3792.9(0.98)-3845.7(1)25.8(1.08\2132.44)-2812.9(10.86\2132.39)-3792.4(0.76)]TJ T* [(COLD)-11615.3(5.53\2131.34)-2812.9(7.96\2131.48)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 28.4594 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD [(0.0001)-3319.9(7.38\2132.45)-2844.5(1)32.1(1.05\2132.24)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 20.7075 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.0001)Tj -50.2671 -1.9411 TD [(Data)-268.8(are)-264.6(presented)-271.2(as)-265.5(mean\213)]TJ 6.276 0 0 6.276 160.724 612.397 Tm 0.0001 Tc (SD)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 171.042 612.397 Tm 0 Tc [(in)-266.9(mmol)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 3.3448 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (min)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 217.304 616.365 Tm (-1)Tj /F7 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 222.86 614.381 Tm (.)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (kPa)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 238.62 616.365 Tm (-1)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 244.176 612.397 Tm (.)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 248.768 616.365 Tm (#)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 252.17 612.397 Tm [(:)-267.4(mean)-265(of)-265.5(two)-263.4(measurements)-274.3(\(n)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 12.532 0 TD (=)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD [(1)32.1(121\);)-266.4(*:)-266.9(breathlessness)-268(when)-266.6(walking)-269.8(up)-264.6(hills)]TJ -34.7065 -1.0559 TD [(\(excluding)-303.7(grades)-302.1(2\2614\);)-304.3(**:)-304.4(breathlessness)-305.9(when)-304.5(walking)-301.4(up)-302.5(stairs)-308.3(\(excluding)-303.7(grades)-302.2(3)-303(and)-301.8(4\);)-305.3(***:)-303.8(breathlessness)-305.9(when)-298.2(walking)-307.8(on)]TJ T* [(ground)-219.2(\(excluding)-221.5(grade)-212.9(4\);)-223.1(****:)-214.8(breathlessness)-223.7(at)-216.1(rest;)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 259.257 597.43 Tm (+)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 262.998 593.461 Tm [(:)-223.2(mean)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 2.8516 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 293.556 593.461 Tm (L,CO)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 311.527 593.461 Tm [(in)-222.7(those)-215.8(who)-216.8(report)-222.3(no)-214(breathlessness)-223.7(\(grade)-219.7(0\).)-217.8(COLD:)-223.3(chronic)]TJ -28.2444 -1.0559 TD [(obstructive)-338.4(lung)-329.1(disease.)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 3.864 M []0 d /GS3 gs 130.75 283.172 m 130.75 283.897 131.338 284.485 132.063 284.485 c 132.788 284.485 133.375 283.897 133.375 283.172 c 133.375 282.447 132.788 281.86 132.063 281.86 c 131.338 281.86 130.75 282.447 130.75 283.172 c b 100.397 284.047 m 100.397 284.772 100.984 285.36 101.709 285.36 c 102.434 285.36 103.022 284.772 103.022 284.047 c 103.022 283.322 102.434 282.735 101.709 282.735 c 100.984 282.735 100.397 283.322 100.397 284.047 c b 93.597 310.609 m 93.597 188.86 l 102.597 182.86 m 284.096 182.86 l 93.597 189.11 m 91.472 189.11 l 93.597 203.86 m 91.472 203.86 l 93.597 218.78 m 91.472 218.78 l 93.597 234.209 m 91.472 234.209 l 93.597 249.242 m 91.472 249.242 l 93.597 264.275 m 91.472 264.275 l 93.597 279.732 m 91.472 279.732 l 93.597 295.105 m 91.472 295.105 l 93.597 310.365 m 91.472 310.365 l S BT /F20 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 75.847 306.98 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs (120)Tj 0.0875 -1.512 TD -0.06 Tc [(11)-60(0)]TJ -0.075 -1.562 TD 0 Tc (100)Tj 0.4625 -1.5649 TD (90)Tj -0.0125 -1.4856 TD (80)Tj 0.0262 -1.4625 TD (70)Tj 0 -1.5771 TD (60)Tj -0.0177 -1.4854 TD (50)Tj 0.004 -1.4375 TD (40)Tj ET /GS3 gs 102.864 182.979 m 102.864 181.042 l 133.114 182.854 m 133.114 180.917 l 163.363 182.842 m 163.363 180.905 l 193.302 182.831 m 193.302 180.893 l 223.24 182.819 m 223.24 180.881 l 253.66 182.807 m 253.66 180.87 l S BT 10 0 0 10 89.847 171.173 Tm /GS4 gs [(Asymp)-1597.5(0)-2505.1(1)-2616.9(2)-2494(3)-2631.5(4)]TJ 4.8875 -1.8375 TD (Breathlessness grade)Tj /F22 1 Tf 0 10 -10 0 67.347 226.61 Tm (T)Tj /F20 1 Tf 0 8 -8 0 67.347 231.62 Tm (L,CO)Tj 0 10 -10 0 67.347 246.932 Tm ( % pred)Tj ET /GS3 gs 100.365 280.422 m 102.615 280.422 l 131.149 285.797 m 133.211 285.797 l 131.341 279.093 m 133.341 279.093 l 132.16 285.784 m 132.16 284.36 l 132.285 280.672 m 132.285 280.297 l 161.722 279.047 m 163.784 279.047 l 162.659 279.172 m 162.659 277.047 l 162.659 274.985 m 162.659 269.422 l 161.659 269.422 m 163.659 269.422 l 191.722 283.485 m 193.784 283.485 l 192.722 283.672 m 192.722 281.485 l 192.659 279.485 m 192.659 277.297 l 191.659 277.36 m 193.722 277.36 l 221.529 284.485 m 223.529 284.485 l 222.563 284.547 m 222.563 275.547 l 222.596 273.61 m 222.596 264.61 l 221.597 264.672 m 223.659 264.672 l 191.784 272.922 m 193.909 272.922 l 192.784 273.047 m 192.784 264.235 l 191.597 264.36 m 193.847 264.36 l 222.034 245.922 m 224.034 245.922 l 222.909 246.047 m 222.909 230.547 l 221.909 230.735 m 224.096 230.735 l 252.221 234.797 m 254.346 234.797 l 253.221 234.923 m 253.221 202.798 l 251.955 202.985 m 254.455 202.985 l 102.66 283.842 m 130.878 283.78 l 133.222 283.422 m 161.722 276.235 l 163.722 276.11 m 191.722 280.422 l 193.597 280.235 m 221.722 274.735 l 252.846 218.735 m 223.033 238.172 l 222.596 238.11 m 193.097 268.235 l 162.597 273.235 m 192.722 268.422 l 132.597 281.61 m 162.722 273.047 l 102.097 282.735 m 132.222 281.86 l S 251.846 218.798 m 251.846 219.522 252.434 220.11 253.159 220.11 c 253.884 220.11 254.471 219.522 254.471 218.798 c 254.471 218.073 253.884 217.485 253.159 217.485 c 252.434 217.485 251.846 218.073 251.846 218.798 c b 221.573 238.297 m 221.573 239.022 222.161 239.61 222.885 239.61 c 223.61 239.61 224.198 239.022 224.198 238.297 c 224.198 237.573 223.61 236.985 222.885 236.985 c 222.161 236.985 221.573 237.573 221.573 238.297 c b 191.448 268.547 m 191.448 269.272 192.036 269.86 192.761 269.86 c 193.485 269.86 194.073 269.272 194.073 268.547 c 194.073 267.822 193.485 267.235 192.761 267.235 c 192.036 267.235 191.448 267.822 191.448 268.547 c b 161.573 273.047 m 161.573 273.772 162.161 274.36 162.886 274.36 c 163.611 274.36 164.198 273.772 164.198 273.047 c 164.198 272.322 163.611 271.735 162.886 271.735 c 162.161 271.735 161.573 272.322 161.573 273.047 c b 130.823 281.672 m 130.823 282.397 131.411 282.985 132.136 282.985 c 132.861 282.985 133.448 282.397 133.448 281.672 c 133.448 280.947 132.861 280.36 132.136 280.36 c 131.411 280.36 130.823 280.947 130.823 281.672 c b 100.324 282.922 m 100.324 283.647 100.911 284.235 101.636 284.235 c 102.361 284.235 102.949 283.647 102.949 282.922 c 102.949 282.197 102.361 281.61 101.636 281.61 c 100.911 281.61 100.324 282.197 100.324 282.922 c b 100.45 286.422 m 102.7 286.422 l 101.597 286.485 m 101.597 285.36 l 101.472 281.735 m 101.472 280.36 l 132.222 281.235 m 132.222 279.1 l S 0 0 0 0 k 161.5 276.422 m 161.5 277.147 162.088 277.735 162.813 277.735 c 163.538 277.735 164.125 277.147 164.125 276.422 c 164.125 275.697 163.538 275.11 162.813 275.11 c 162.088 275.11 161.5 275.697 161.5 276.422 c b 191.5 280.422 m 191.5 281.147 192.088 281.735 192.812 281.735 c 193.537 281.735 194.125 281.147 194.125 280.422 c 194.125 279.697 193.537 279.11 192.812 279.11 c 192.088 279.11 191.5 279.697 191.5 280.422 c b 221.25 274.672 m 221.25 275.397 221.837 275.985 222.562 275.985 c 223.287 275.985 223.875 275.397 223.875 274.672 c 223.875 273.947 223.287 273.36 222.562 273.36 c 221.837 273.36 221.25 273.947 221.25 274.672 c b BT /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 58.28 138.104 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs [(Fig.)-327.1(1.)-331.2(\261)-332.2(Single-breat)8.8(h)-310.9(transfer)-312.5(factor)-308.2(of)-316.1(the)-308.1(lung)-314.1(for)-314.1(carbon)-305.6(monoxide)]TJ 0 -1.067 TD (\()Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.3201 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 65.254 129.6 Tm (L,CO)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 79.54 129.6 Tm [(\))-232.8(with)-240.7(respect)-235(to)-232.9(grade)-236.6(of)-237.8(breathless)9.6(ness)-234.8(in)-232.9(males)-240.3(\()]TJ /F4 1 Tf 19.8101 0 TD (*)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.9958 0 TD 0.2408 Tc (,n)Tj /F10 1 Tf 0.9887 0 TD 0 Tc (=)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5477 0 TD [(576\))-233.6(and)]TJ -25.0098 -1.0599 TD [(females)-228.1(\()]TJ /F15 1 Tf 3.6135 0 TD (s)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.8322 0 TD 0.2337 Tc (,n)Tj /F10 1 Tf 0.9816 0 TD 0 Tc (=)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5477 0 TD [(545\).)-232.6(Data)-229.2(are)-233.7(presented)-230.8(as)-237.8(mean\213)]TJ 5.579 0 0 5.579 214.129 121.153 Tm (SEM)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 227.452 121.153 Tm (\(n)Tj /F10 1 Tf 0.818 0 TD (=)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5477 0 TD [(1)30.5(121\).)-232.6(Asymp:)]TJ -22.5913 -1.0599 TD [(asymptomati)9.1(c.)]TJ ET 308.976 301.606 227.168 -0.51 re f 308.976 266.23 227.168 -0.51 re f 308.976 174.047 227.168 -0.454 re f BT /F2 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 308.976 334.318 Tm [(Table)-331.9(4.)-336.7(\261)-1009.8(Multiple)-679.4(linear)-673.1(regression)-679.7(of)-671.8(single-breath)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(transfer)-371.7(factor)-371.5(of)-374.6(the)-372.7(lung)-370.6(for)-370.4(carbon)-373.3(monoxide)-374.1(with)-374.4(res-)]TJ 0 -1.0496 TD [(pect)-378.5(to)-374.7(each)-373.1(respiratory)-377.4(symptom)-374.9(adjusted)-376(for)-376.8(sex,)-373.6(age,)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(height)-334.2(and)-335.7(smoking)-333.2(habits*)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 9.3832 -1.7135 TD (r)Tj 6.276 0 0 6.276 427.238 290.608 Tm 0.0001 Tc (SEM)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 457.398 290.608 Tm 0 Tc [(p-value)-1902.5(p-value)]TJ 4.249 -1.0559 TD (interaction)Tj 0.2086 -1.0496 TD [(with)-334.8(sex)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 528.038 275.698 Tm (#)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 308.976 253.757 Tm [(Morning)-335.6(cough)-2248.2(0.3071)-1277.6(0.1)29.7(151)-2356.9(0.01)-2846.7(0.12)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(Phlegm)-334.7(when)]TJ 0.3351 -1.0559 TD (coughing)Tj 8.1629 1.0559 TD [(0.1355)-1277.6(0.1)29.7(143)-2356.9(0.24)-2846.7(0.46)]TJ -8.498 -2.1119 TD [(Chronic)-333.1(cough)-2532.7(0.31)30.2(16)-1307.8(0.1586)-2327.2(0.05)-2846.7(0.66)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(Wheezing)-4479.8(0.1220)-1277.6(0.1020)-2327.2(0.23)-2846.7(0.98)]TJ T* (Breathlessness)Tj 0.3351 -1.0496 TD (score)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 330.633 200.976 Tm (+)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 317.934 187.54 Tm (Males)Tj 0 -1.0559 TD (Females)Tj 7.1765 1.0559 TD (-0.7356)Tj 0 -1.0559 TD (-0.1678)Tj 4.3502 1.0559 TD (0.0936)Tj 0 -1.0559 TD (0.0874)Tj /F10 1 Tf 4.5272 1.0559 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.01)Tj -0.0253 -1.0559 TD (0.06)Tj /F10 1 Tf 4.1794 0.4426 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.01)Tj -22.3072 -2.3901 TD [(*:)-323.8(n)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 1.5934 0 TD (=)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5564 0 TD [(1)32.1(121.)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 351.042 164.579 Tm (#)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 354.387 160.611 Tm [(:)-324.4(p-value)-328.1(for)-322.9(the)-329.4(interaction)-326.7(term)-325.5(between)-330.2(sex)-321.9(and)]TJ -5.0647 -1.0559 TD [(each)-395.6(of)-392(the)-392.7(respiratory)-401.1(symptoms;)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 438.406 155.112 Tm (+)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 442.205 151.143 Tm [(:)-393.9(symptom)-395.8(score)-391.2(with)-398.1(in-)]TJ -14.8588 -1.0559 TD [(creasing)-442.4(severity)-438.7(from)-438.1(breathlessness)-438.7(grade)-440.6(0)-435.8(\(no)-435.7(breathless-)]TJ T* [(ness\))-512.7(to)-507.2(breathlessness)-514.6(grade)-510.1(4)-505.3(\(breathlessness)-515.1(at)-507(rest\),)-511.5(and)]TJ T* [(defined)-347.1(as)-347.7(the)-348.4(highest)-349.9(breathlessness)-350.2(grade)-352.1(registered)-349.9(for)-348.2(each)]TJ T* (subject.)Tj 23.3758 76.3112 TD (1323)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.472 0 0 7.472 199.446 797.499 Tm (T)Tj /F12 1 Tf 5.977 0 0 5.977 204.435 797.499 Tm -0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 7.472 0 0 7.472 221.442 797.499 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(AND)-332.4(RESP)-10.2(IRATORY)-341.5(SYMPTOMS)-336.8(IN)-340.7(NORWAY)]TJ ET endstream endobj 27 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F2 5 0 R /F3 6 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F5 8 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 11 0 R /F10 13 0 R /F11 19 0 R /F12 20 0 R /F14 28 0 R /F15 29 0 R /F20 30 0 R /F22 31 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 14 0 R /GS3 32 0 R /GS4 33 0 R >> >> endobj 35 0 obj << /Length 24211 >> stream BT /F8 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 58.28 421.228 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc [(Br)14.9(ea)20.4(th)13.2(l)13.9(e)0(s)13.9(s)0(n)20(e)0(s)13.9(s)-269.4(ma)12(y)-268.2(b)0(e)-269.4(a)0(s)19.6(s)0(o)20(c)0(i)12.8(a)0(t)18.4(e)0(d)-263.7(w)0(i)14.9(t)0(h)-265.7(d)0(i)18.9(s)0(e)19.6(a)0(s)13.9(e)0(s)-264.9(o)0(t)18.9(h)0(e)20.8(r)-275.5(th)18.8(an)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(th)18.9(os)14.4(e)-257.2(o)0(f)-247.8(p)0(u)15.5(l)0(m)21.4(o)0(n)15.5(a)0(r)19.2(y)-262.5(or)19.6(ig)18.9(in)18.9(,)-262.2(s)0(u)20(c)0(h)-246.6(a)0(s)-253.5(h)0(e)20.8(a)0(r)13.5(t)-253.5(fa)13.5(il)16.5(ur)19.6(e.)-246.2(Ho)17.3(we)16.9(ve)15.1(r)37.5(,)]TJ T* [(ca)14.7(rd)19.6(ia)18.4(c)-234.5(i)0(n)18.8(s)0(u)14.4(f)20.4(fi)17.3(ci)18.5(en)15.1(cy)-223.9(ma)17.7(y)-234.1(a)0(l)18.4(s)0(o)-224.7(c)0(a)20.4(u)0(s)14.4(e)-234.5(a)-228.8(r)0(e)13.5(d)0(u)21.2(c)0(e)14.7(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 18.3919 0 TD 0 Tw (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 246.898 399.912 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 266.797 399.912 Tm 0 Tc [([2)13.9(1].)]TJ -20.9298 -1.0698 TD [(Secondl)-7.7(y)61.8(,)-370.3(respi)-9.4(ratory)-374.7(disea)-8.2(ses)-369.3(affecting)-374.5(gas)-373.8(dif)10.8(fusi)-8.2(on)-371.4(in)]TJ T* [(the)-386.3(alveoli)-388.9(are)-386(more)-389.5(likely)-387.7(to)-385.2(cause)-387.5(breat)-8.6(hlessness)-390.4(than)]TJ T* [(respirato)-11.1(ry)-407.2(disea)-8.2(ses)-403.4(that)-406.6(o)-6.5(nly)-403(affect)-404(the)-403.4(centr)-8.6(al)-408.3(airways)]TJ T* [(and)-253.1(cause)-256.6(cou)-8.4(gh)-251.9(and)-253.1(phlegm)-10.5(,)-250.8(such)-255(as)-253.5(bronchi)-9.7(tis.)-253.3(Thirdl)-9.4(y)61.8(,)]TJ T* [(that)-372.4(wheezing)-372.1(fail)-9.8(ed)-366.1(to)-368.1(predi)-8.2(ct)-368.5(indepe)-7.8(ndently)-369(the)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 20.4575 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 267.647 346.62 Tm (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 58.28 335.962 Tm [(could)-473.2(be)-474.2(due)-469.3(to)-470.5(this)-475.6(symp)-7.4(tom)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 12.8436 0 TD (')Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.2219 0 TD [(s)-468.6(associ)-10.1(ation)-469.9(wi)-7.8(th)-470.5(both)]TJ -13.0655 -1.0698 TD [(bronchi)-9.7(al)-260.4(asthma)-262.5(and)-264.5(COLD.)-264.8(Althoug)-8.3(h)-256.8(COLD)-264.4(is)-261.2(charac-)]TJ T* [(terized)-286.1(by)-274.7(low)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.9978 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 123.534 314.646 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 144.057 314.646 Tm 0 Tc [([1],)-279(incre)-8.6(ased)-278.2(or)-276.3(norm)-7.8(al)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.8674 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 247.861 314.646 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 268.384 314.646 Tm 0 Tc (may)Tj -21.0892 -1.0698 TD [(be)-332(ob)-7.2(served)-338.2(in)-334(patients)-339.6(with)-341.8(bronchial)-338.4(asthm)-10.9(a)-331.2([22].)-336.7(The)]TJ T* [(exact)-326.1(explanatio)-10.3(n)-319.4(for)-318.5(the)-318.1(no)-7.2(rmality)-324.9(or)-316.1(supern)-7.8(orma)-8.2(lity)-323.2(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf T* (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 63.78 282.671 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 85.153 282.671 Tm 0 Tc [(in)-356.7(asthmati)-12.7(cs)-355.9(is)-357.9(not)-357.5(clear)25.1(,)-358.9(but)-357.5(sugges)-7.4(ted)-357.9(mecha)-8.2(n-)]TJ -2.6973 -1.0698 TD [(isms)-329.6(include)-329.6(overi)-8.2(nflation,)-334.3(with)-324.7(alveol)-10.1(ar)-322.2(recrui)-11(tment)-330.8(en-)]TJ T* [(larging)-268.2(the)-272.5(a)-6.9(rea)-272.2(of)-270.6(mem)-9(brane)-279.4(available)-277.4(for)-278.6(dif)10.8(fusi)-8.2(on,)-275.1(and)]TJ T* [(an)-229.6(incre)-8.6(ase)-231.9(in)-231.5(pulm)-8.6(onary)-233.4(capillary)-238.7(volum)-9.3(e,)-229.2(consequ)-7.3(ent)-232.7(to)]TJ T* [(the)-255.5(more)-258.6(negative)-256.8(intr)-9.4(athoracic)-259.5(press)-8.2(ure)-254.7(requi)-8.2(red)-254.7(to)-254.3(over-)]TJ T* [(come)-337.1(the)-340.8(increased)-343.7(airway)-337.7(resi)-8.6(stance)-339.4([23].)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0527 TD [(Lu)17.1(ng)-200.7(fu)19.6(nc)15.1(ti)16.5(on)-200.7(in)-203.1(te)18.4(rm)16.5(s)-212.5(o)0(f)-202.3(F)11.4(EV)]TJ 7.97 0 0 7.97 187.257 218.891 Tm (1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 193.323 218.891 Tm [(is)-198.6(al)12.8(so)-201.9(fo)19.6(un)15.5(d)-205.6(t)0(o)-203.1(b)0(e)-201.1(m)0(o)12.4(r)0(e)]TJ -13.5549 -1.0698 TD [(st)17.7(ro)19.6(ng)15.5(ly)-351(re)19.2(la)18.4(te)12.8(d)-353.6(t)0(o)-351(b)0(r)19.6(e)0(a)14.7(t)0(h)18.9(l)0(e)18.4(s)0(s)13.2(n)0(e)20.8(s)0(s)-351(t)0(h)18.9(a)0(n)-349.1(t)0(o)-351(c)0(o)15.1(u)0(g)21.2(h)-359.3(an)20.8(d)-359.3(p)0(h)15.5(l)0(-)]TJ T* [(eg)15.1(m)-476.2([)0(1)13.9(2].)-481.5(However)24.2(,)-489.8(the)-488.8(associ)-10.1(ation)-492.7(of)-492.5(dyspnoe)-6.9(a)-490.6(with)]TJ T* (FEV)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 76.989 186.916 Tm (1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 84.643 186.916 Tm [(is)-375(still)-378.7(weak.)-372.4(Se)-6.8(veral)-372.8(studi)-9.8(es)-373(have)-373.8(shown)-373.1(that)-8.2(,)-370.3(i)0(n)]TJ -2.6461 -1.0698 TD [(subje)-7.8(cts)-347.7(with)-353.2(an)-349.1(FEV)]TJ 7.97 0 0 7.97 146.098 176.258 Tm (1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 153.524 176.258 Tm [(of)-350.2(50\26165%)-348.4(pred,)-352.6(40\26150%)-354.1(report)]TJ -9.5601 -1.0698 TD [(no)-473.8(dyspnoe)-6.9(a)-479.2([24,)-476.6(25].)-476.6(In)-475.4(the)-477.4(presen)-8.2(t)-475.5(study)55.2(,)-472.7(when)-479.7(the)]TJ /F3 1 Tf T* (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 63.78 154.942 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 84.586 154.942 Tm 0 Tc (was)Tj /F10 1 Tf 1.8494 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.552 0 TD [(65%)-311.9(pred,)-307(1)33.4(1)0(%)-311.2(reported)-308.4(no)-308.8(dyspnoe)-6.9(a,)-303.2(whe-)]TJ -5.0418 -1.0698 TD [(reas)-313.9(18%)-311.9(of)-304.7(those)-315.1(with)-313.3(an)-309.2(FEV)]TJ 7.97 0 0 7.97 185.386 144.283 Tm (1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 192.416 144.283 Tm (of)Tj /F10 1 Tf 1.1324 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.552 0 TD [(65%)-311.9(did)-312(not)-306.3(report)]TJ -15.1482 -1.0698 TD [(this)-339.1(symptom)-9.5(.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(It)-346.9(w)12.4(a)0(s)-344.6(o)0(b)15.5(s)0(e)19.6(r)0(v)13.9(e)0(d)-343.4(t)0(h)18.9(a)0(t)-345.7(b)0(r)19.6(e)0(a)14.7(t)0(h)18.9(l)0(e)18.4(s)0(s)18.9(n)0(e)15.1(s)0(s)-345.3(w)0(a)16.9(s)-349.1(mo)12.4(re)-345(st)17.7(ro)19.6(ng)15.5(ly)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0698 TD [(as)19.6(so)14.3(ci)18.4(at)18.4(ed)-417.3(w)12.4(i)0(t)16.5(h)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 6.5555 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 129.033 112.535 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 150.803 112.535 Tm 0 Tc [(in)-413.6(ma)17.7(le)18.4(s)-423.1(t)0(h)18.9(a)0(n)-417.3(i)13.9(n)-421.9(f)0(e)13.5(m)0(a)17.7(l)0(e)18.4(s)0(.)-412.1(A)-425.8(co)15.1(r)20.4(-)]TJ 15.9108 66.1583 TD [(re)13.5(sp)20(on)15.5(di)18.9(ng)-485.2(re)13.5(l)13.9(a)0(t)12.8(i)0(o)18.8(n)0(s)20(h)0(i)18.9(p)-495.8(by)-490.9(se)19.6(x)-495.8(h)0(a)20.8(s)-497(be)15.1(en)-485.6(no)15.5(t)13.9(e)0(d)-491.3(f)0(o)19.6(r)-497.4(th)18.9(e)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(as)13.9(so)20(ci)18.4(at)12.8(io)18.9(n)-273.9(o)0(f)-270.6(b)0(r)19.6(e)0(a)20.4(t)0(h)13.2(l)0(e)18.4(s)0(s)18.9(n)0(e)15.1(s)0(s)-265.7(w)0(i)14.9(t)0(h)-265.7(F)11.4(EV)]TJ 7.97 0 0 7.97 462.16 760.989 Tm (1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 468.85 760.989 Tm [([1)13.9(2,)-274.3(19].)-288.8(V)]TJ 6.974 0 0 6.974 512.844 760.989 Tm 0.0001 Tc (IEGI)Tj /F3 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 529.398 760.989 Tm 0 Tc (et)Tj -22.0907 -1.0641 TD (al)Tj /F8 1 Tf 1.1666 0 TD [([9])-398.1(found)-398.1(that)-400.9(45%)-397.3(of)-395.8(the)-392(mal)-8.2(es)-395.8(with)-398.7(dyspnoe)-6.9(a)-393.8(had)]TJ -1.1666 -1.0698 TD [(abn)-8.4(ormal)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 4.2167 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 356.825 739.729 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 379.275 739.729 Tm 0 Tc [(a)-6.9(nd/or)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.0046 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 414.765 739.729 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 432.567 739.729 Tm 0 Tc [(/alveolar)-477.8(volume)-477.1(indices,)]TJ -12.3713 -1.0698 TD [(but)-317.6(only)-312.7(7%)-316.9(of)-304.7(females)-322.2(showed)-317.4(such)-317.6(abnormali)-11.5(ties.)-317.1(The)]TJ T* [(inte)-8.2(raction)-427.9(of)-418.5(breat)-8.6(hlessness)-430.2(and)-418.1(sex)-425(in)-419.3(the)-420.5(associ)-10.1(ation)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(wi)-7.8(th)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 2.1966 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 336.699 707.811 Tm (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 358.809 707.811 Tm [(may)-432.6(have)-436.3(severa)-8.6(l)-429.9(explan)-7.8(ations.)-438.1(First,)-432.1(there)]TJ -4.9678 -1.0698 TD [(cou)-8.4(ld)-476.2(be)-479.9(physi)-7.4(ological)-486.4(differences)-479.3(betw)-9.8(een)-481.1(males)-483.7(and)]TJ T* [(fema)-8.6(les)-302.2(in)-305.5(their)-306.5(percept)-10.5(ion)-300.6(of)-304.7(breat)-8.6(hlessness,)-311.1(causing)-305.6(fe-)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(mal)-8.2(es)-458.4(to)-459.2(percei)-9.8(ve)-457.2(dyspnoe)-6.9(a)-462.1(a)0(t)-459.6(a)0(n)-462.9(earlier)-464.1(stage)-463.4(of)-458.4(res-)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(pirat)-10.6(ory)-476.2(disea)-8.2(se)-475.4(than)-483.8(males)-483.7([26].)-478.9(Secondl)-7.7(y)61.8(,)-478.4(it)-478.6(may)-478.2(be)]TJ T* [(specul)-9(ated)-359.1(that)-361(males)-358.5(and)-361.2(females)-362(have)-362.4(dif)10.8(ferent)-363.8(under-)]TJ T* [(lyin)-7.8(g)-285.3(p)-6.5(athophysio)-8.3(logica)-10.1(l)-287.7(mecha)-8.2(nisms)-290.6(leadi)-9.4(ng)-291.8(to)-288.4(the)-289.6(sen-)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(sati)-9.4(on)-382.8(of)-384.4(b)-6.5(reathless)-11.1(ness.)-387.5(Breathl)-11.5(essness)-386.5(in)-390.9(females)-390.4(may)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(be)-223.9(a)-217.4(more)-224.4(sensi)-9(tive)-224.5(marke)-9.4(r)-218.6(o)0(f)-219.4(poor)-226.6(health)-226.4(in)-220.2(general,)-227.1(but)-220.9(a)]TJ T* [(less)-366.7(speci)-8.2(fic)-365.2(predictor)-368.4(for)-364(an)-366.1(underlying)-367.2(respi)-9.4(ratory)-369.1(dis-)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(order)21(,)-381.6(i)0(n)-385.2(compa)-7.8(rison)-384.6(wi)-7.8(th)-385.2(breathless)-11.9(ness)-387.1(in)-385.2(males)-386.9([26].)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(Thi)-8.8(rdly)61.3(,)-410.1(i)0(n)-407.9(W)72(e)-6.9(stern)-413.4(societies)-11.9(,)-404.4(breat)-8.6(hlessness)-418.8(is)-409.1(synony-)]TJ T* [(mous)-365.9(with)-364.6(bad)-361.2(physi)-7.4(cal)-364(condition)-367.2(as)-361.6(well)-365(as)-361.6(socia)-8.2(l)-361.6(dis-)]TJ T* [(abil)-8.2(ity)61.2(,)-398.7(and)-401(is)-403.4(thus)-405(a)-399.5(factor)-403.6(rest)-8.6(ricting)-407.1(employm)-8.7(ent)-403.4(and)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(succes)-8.2(s)-286.5(i)0(n)-288.4(social)-290.2(life,)-289(for)-290(example.)-291.3(The)-6.8(refore,)-289.4(mal)-8.2(es)-282(may)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(not)-215.2(wish)-215.4(to)-208.8(admi)-9(t)-208(the)-215.6(presen)-8.2(ce)-212.9(of)-208(this)-213.9(symp)-7.4(tom)-212.7(as)-213.7(often)-213.1(as)]TJ T* [(fema)-8.6(les,)-393.6(in)-396.6(order)-400.1(to)-390.9(avoid)-399.3(being)-393.6(mark)-8.2(ed)-394.6(as)-390.1("a)-397.5(sympto-)]TJ T* [(mat)-8.2(ic)-510.8(individua)-8.7(l".)-513.7(This)-511.5(would)-510.9(consequ)-7.3(entl)-8.2(y)-507.2(lead)-512.7(to)-510.4(a)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(higher)-282.1(vali)-8.2(dity)-275.3(of)-276.3(breat)-8.6(hlessness)-282.3(in)-277.1(males)-278.8(as)-276.3(a)-274.3(marker)-279.2(for)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(dec)-8.8(reased)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 4.4102 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 358.753 505.587 Tm 0.0001 Tc (L,CO)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 376.554 505.587 Tm 0 Tc [(.)-506.8(Male)-8.2(s)-508.4(are)-511.2(also)-507.8(more)-514.7(freque)-8.6(ntly)-508.6(and)]TJ -6.749 -1.0698 TD [(more)-361(heavil)-10.2(y)-353.6(occupat)-8.9(ionally)-360(exposed)-365.8(to)-356.7(airborne)-359.6(agen)-9.6(ts)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [([10])-330.6(that)-326.9(may)-324.5(impair)-321.8(gas)-322.6(diffusion)-323.3(and)-327.1(cause)-324.9(breat)-8.6(hless-)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD (ness.)Tj 1.0015 -1.0527 TD [(In)-390.1(th)18.8(e)-399.5(p)0(r)14(e)0(s)19.6(e)0(n)20.8(t)-401.5(st)17.7(ud)21.2(y)67.5(,)-393(th)13.2(e)-393.8(r)0(e)13.5(l)0(a)18.4(t)0(i)16.5(o)0(n)21.2(s)0(h)14.4(i)0(p)-385.2(b)0(e)15.1(t)0(w)14.9(e)0(e)20.4(n)-399.1(ch)20.8(ro)13.9(ni)18.8(c)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0641 TD [(co)15.1(ug)15.5(h)-365(a)0(n)20.8(d)-365(de)15.1(cr)19.2(ea)14.7(se)19.6(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8.7464 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 401.839 452.579 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 423.042 452.579 Tm 0 Tc [(wa)16.9(s)-366.2(s)0(i)17.7(g)0(n)15.5(i)0(f)17.3(i)0(c)18.5(a)0(n)15.1(t)0(l)16.5(y)-365(st)17.7(ro)19.6(ng)15.5(er)-356.3(in)]TJ -11.4152 -1.0698 TD [(cu)15.1(rr)18(en)15.1(t)-435.6(s)0(m)16.9(o)0(k)15.5(e)0(r)19.2(s)-440.1(an)20.8(d)-438.9(i)0(n)-430.7(e)0(x)20.8(s)0(m)16.9(o)0(k)15.5(e)0(r)19.2(s)-440.1(th)18.8(an)-428.7(in)-430.7(no)15.5(ns)20(mo)18.1(ke)15.1(rs)18.5(.)]TJ T* [(Th)17.1(e)-206(m)0(e)17.7(c)0(h)15.1(a)0(n)20.8(i)0(s)17.7(m)0(s)-199.3(c)0(a)20.4(u)0(s)14.3(i)0(n)18.9(g)-205.6(ch)20.8(ro)19.6(ni)13.2(c)-200.3(c)0(o)15.1(u)0(g)21.2(h)-205.6(in)-197.4(cu)20.8(rr)18(en)15.1(t)-202.3(s)0(m)16.9(o)0(k)15.5(e)0(r)19.2(s)]TJ T* [(ma)12(y)73.2(,)-296.3(to)-288.4(a)-297.1(g)0(r)13.9(e)0(a)20.4(t)0(e)18.4(r)-298.3(ex)15.1(te)18.4(nt)-288.4(th)18.9(an)-292.2(in)-288.4(no)21.2(ns)14.4(mo)18.1(ke)20.8(rs)12.7(,)-296.3(b)0(e)-286.5(r)0(e)13.5(l)13.9(at)12.8(ed)-286.5(to)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(re)13.5(du)21.2(ce)14.7(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.6021 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 350.589 410.003 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 368.107 410.003 Tm 0 Tc [(.)-518.2(R)11.6(ed)15.1(uc)15.1(ed)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 4.7118 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 420.435 410.003 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 443.225 410.003 Tm 0 Tc [(is)-505.9(ca)14.7(us)20(ed)-514.1(by)-508(no)15.5(t)-515.3(o)0(n)15.5(l)0(y)]TJ -13.4411 -1.0698 TD [(de)15.1(fe)19.2(ct)12.8(s)-206.8(i)0(n)-203.1(t)0(h)18.8(e)-211.7(al)18.4(ve)15.1(ol)18.9(ar)-202.7(ca)14.7(pi)18.9(ll)16.5(ar)19.2(y)-211.3(m)0(e)17.7(m)0(b)18.1(r)0(a)13.5(n)0(e)-201.1(b)0(u)15.5(t)-208(al)18.5(so)-201.9(di)13.2(st)17.7(ur)19.6(b-)]TJ T* [(an)15.1(ce)14.7(s)-229.6(i)0(n)-225.8(t)0(h)18.9(e)-234.5(ve)15.1(nt)18.9(il)16.5(at)18.5(io)18.9(n/)13.2(pe)20.8(rf)18(us)14.4(io)18.9(n)-234.1(r)0(a)19.2(t)0(i)16.5(o)-234.1(of)-225.1(th)18.8(e)-234.5(l)0(u)18.8(n)0(g)15.5(s)0(.)-224.3(S)0(u)16.3(c)0(h)-223.9(a)]TJ T* [(ve)15.1(nt)18.9(il)16.5(at)18.5(io)18.9(n/)13.2(pe)20.8(rf)18(us)14.4(io)18.9(n)-393.4(m)0(i)15.7(s)0(m)16.9(a)0(t)18.5(c)0(h)-383.2(m)0(a)17.7(y)-393.4(be)-383.2(mo)18.1(re)-384.8(fr)18(eq)15.1(ue)20.8(nt)-385.2(in)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(sm)16.9(ok)15.5(er)19.2(s)-218.2(t)0(h)18.9(a)0(n)-206.8(i)0(n)-203.1(n)0(o)15.5(n)0(s)20(m)0(o)18.1(k)0(e)15.1(r)0(s)18.4(.)-210.9(It)-210.4(i)13.9(s)-218.2(po)21.2(ss)13.2(i)13.9(b)0(l)13.2(e)-211.7(th)18.9(at)-209.2(th)18.9(e)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 19.6324 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 510.349 367.427 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 530.022 367.427 Tm 0 Tc (is)Tj -22.1533 -1.0698 TD [(ab)15.1(le)-237.6(to)-237.2(re)19.2(fl)17.3(ec)14.7(t)-242.1(e)0(a)14.7(r)0(l)17.3(y)-245.5(lu)18.9(ng)-234.8(fu)13.9(nc)20.8(ti)16.5(on)-240.5(ch)20.8(an)15.1(ge)20.8(s)-246.7(r)0(e)19.2(l)0(a)12.8(t)0(e)18.5(d)-245.5(to)-237.2(mi)15.7(no)21.2(r)]TJ T* [(an)15.1(at)18.4(om)18.1(ic)12.8(al)-328.7(mo)12.4(di)18.9(fi)17.3(ca)20.4(ti)16.5(on)15.5(s)-343.4(i)13.9(n)-342.2(s)0(u)14.4(b)0(j)18.9(e)0(c)20.4(t)0(s)-335.2(w)0(i)14.9(t)0(h)-334(c)0(h)20.8(r)0(o)13.9(n)0(i)18.8(c)-342.6(co)20.8(ug)15.5(h,)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(es)13.9(pe)20.8(ci)12.8(al)18.4(ly)-311.2(in)-316.9(sm)16.9(ok)15.5(er)19.2(s)-326.3([)0(2)19.6(7].)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0528 TD [(Ph)16.3(le)18.4(gm)-243.7(wh)17.3(en)-240.9(co)15.1(ug)21.2(hi)18.9(ng)-240.5(wa)11.2(s)-246.7(s)0(i)17.7(g)0(n)15.5(i)0(f)17.3(i)0(c)18.5(a)0(n)20.8(t)0(l)16.5(y)-251.2(mo)18.1(re)-242.5(st)17.7(ro)13.9(ng)21.2(ly)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0698 TD [(re)13.5(la)18.4(te)18.4(d)-234.1(t)0(o)-225.8(a)-234.5(re)13.5(du)21.2(ce)14.7(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 7.8416 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 392.882 314.362 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)29(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 412.781 314.362 Tm 0 Tc [(in)-225.8(yo)21.2(un)15.5(ge)20.8(r)-235.7(t)0(h)13.2(a)0(n)-223.9(i)0(n)-225.8(o)0(l)18.8(d)0(e)15.1(r)-235.7(pe)20.8(op)15.5(le)18.5(.)]TJ -10.3853 -1.0641 TD [(In)-373(ol)18.9(de)15.1(r)-383.6(s)0(u)20(b)0(j)18.8(e)0(c)14.7(t)0(s)17.7(,)-381.6(ph)21.2(le)18.4(gm)-374.6(wh)17.3(en)-371.8(co)15.1(ug)21.2(hi)18.9(ng)-371.4(ma)12(y)-376.3(b)0(e)-371.8(p)0(a)15.1(r)0(t)17.3(l)0(y)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(as)13.9(cr)19.2(ib)18.8(ed)-206.8(to)-208.8(a)-217.4(s)0(l)17.7(o)0(w)17.3(e)0(r)-208.4(c)0(l)18.5(e)0(a)20.4(r)0(i)17.3(n)0(g)-206.4(o)0(f)-208(c)0(i)18.5(l)0(i)16.5(a)0(r)13.5(y)-211.3(mu)18.1(cu)15.1(s,)-207.2(no)21.2(t)-219.4(a)0(f)30.6(f)0(e)13.5(c)0(t)18.5(i)0(n)18.8(g)]TJ T* [(th)13.2(e)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 1.5364 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 330.009 282.444 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)21.9(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 347.527 282.444 Tm 0 Tc [(.)-341.8(I)0(n)-333.2(y)0(o)15.5(u)0(n)21.2(g)0(e)15.1(r)-343.8(su)20(bj)18.9(ec)14.7(ts)17.7(,)-341.8(t)0(h)18.9(i)0(s)-335.2(s)0(y)14.4(m)13.2(pt)13.2(om)-334.7(ma)17.7(y)-342.2(b)0(e)-337.7(a)0(n)]TJ -3.8354 -1.0698 TD [(in)13.2(di)18.9(ca)20.4(to)13.2(r)-372.2(o)0(f)-367.3(m)0(o)18.1(r)0(e)-367.7(s)0(p)20(e)0(c)14.7(i)0(f)17.3(i)0(c)-362.8(p)0(h)15.5(y)0(s)20(i)0(o)13.2(p)0(a)20.8(t)0(h)18.9(o)0(l)13.2(o)0(g)21.2(i)0(c)18.4(a)0(l)-368.5(c)0(h)20.8(a)0(n)15.1(g)0(e)15.1(s)-371.8(in)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(th)13.2(e)-365.4(t)0(e)18.4(r)0(m)16.5(i)0(n)18.8(a)0(l)-357.1(a)0(i)12.8(r)0(s)18.4(p)0(a)20.8(c)0(e)14.7(s)-366.1(\(a)19.2(lv)18.9(eo)15.1(li)16.5(,)-364.6(a)0(l)18.5(v)0(e)15.1(o)0(l)18.9(a)0(r)-356.3(d)0(u)15.5(c)0(t)18.4(s)0(\))-357.1(l)0(e)18.4(a)0(d)15.1(i)0(n)18.8(g)-365(to)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(de)15.1(cr)19.2(ea)14.7(se)19.6(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 4.1484 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 356.088 250.526 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(L,)29(CO)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 373.549 250.526 Tm 0 Tc (.)Tj -5.4459 -1.0527 TD [(Th)17.1(eo)15.1(re)19.2(ti)16.5(ca)14.7(ll)16.5(y)73.2(,)-199.6(th)13.2(e)-200.3(o)0(b)15.5(s)0(e)19.6(r)0(v)19.6(e)0(d)-195.4(r)0(e)19.2(l)0(a)12.8(t)0(i)22.2(o)0(n)15.5(s)0(h)20(i)0(p)-197.4(b)0(e)20.8(t)0(w)14.9(e)0(e)14.7(n)-199.9(re)13.5(sp)20(ir)17.3(a-)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0641 TD [(to)13.2(ry)-338.9(sy)20(mp)18.1(to)18.9(ms)-341.6(an)20.8(d)-347.9(r)0(e)13.5(d)0(u)21.2(c)0(e)14.7(d)-347.9(si)17.7(ng)21.2(le)18.4(-b)13.9(re)19.2(at)18.5(h)-347.9(d)0(i)18.9(f)14.7(fu)19.6(si)17.7(ng)-337.3(ca)14.7(pa)20.8(-)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(ci)12.8(ty)-322.6(of)-321.8(th)13.2(e)-331.2(l)0(u)18.8(n)0(g)-325.9(f)0(o)19.6(r)-332.4(ca)14.7(rb)19.6(on)-325.9(mo)18.1(no)15.5(xi)18.9(de)-326.3(co)20.8(ul)18.9(d)-336.5(b)0(e)-320.6(d)0(r)13.9(i)0(v)18.9(e)0(n)-326.3(b)0(y)]TJ T* [(su)14.4(bj)18.9(ec)14.7(t)13.9(s)-360.5(wi)14.9(th)-351(ch)20.8(ro)13.9(ni)18.9(c)-359.7(o)0(b)21.2(s)0(t)17.7(r)0(u)14(c)0(t)18.4(i)0(v)18.8(e)-359.7(lu)18.9(ng)-354.3(di)18.9(se)19.6(as)13.9(e.)-348.7(Ho)17.3(we)16.9(ve)20.8(r)37.5(,)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(th)13.2(e)-200.3(r)0(e)13.5(l)0(a)18.4(t)0(i)16.5(o)0(n)21.2(s)0(h)14.4(i)0(p)-191.7(b)0(e)15.1(t)0(w)14.9(e)0(e)20.4(n)-205.6(si)17.7(ng)21.2(le)12.8(-b)19.6(re)19.2(at)12.8(h)-199.9(d)0(i)18.8(f)14.7(fu)19.6(si)17.7(ng)-195(ca)14.7(pa)20.8(ci)18.5(ty)-197.4(of)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(th)13.2(e)-365.4(l)13.9(un)15.5(g)-365(f)0(o)19.6(r)-366.6(ca)14.7(rb)19.6(on)-354.3(mo)12.4(no)21.2(xi)18.9(de)-360.4(an)20.8(d)-365(r)0(e)19.2(s)0(p)14.3(i)0(r)17.3(a)0(t)18.5(o)0(r)19.6(y)-365(sy)14.4(mp)18.1(to)18.8(ms)]TJ T* [(re)13.5(ma)17.7(in)18.9(ed)-223.9(si)17.7(gn)15.5(if)17.3(ic)18.4(an)20.8(t)-236.5(e)0(v)20.8(e)0(n)-223.9(a)0(f)19.2(t)0(e)12.8(r)-230(ex)15.1(cl)18.4(ud)21.2(in)13.2(g)-228.4(t)0(h)18.9(e)-234.5(su)20(bj)18.9(ec)14.7(ts)-221.3(wi)14.9(th)]TJ T* [(ch)15.1(ro)19.6(ni)13.2(c)-319.8(o)0(b)15.5(s)0(t)17.7(r)0(u)19.6(c)0(t)12.8(i)13.9(ve)-320.6(l)13.9(u)0(n)15.5(g)-325.1(di)18.9(se)19.6(as)14(e.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(Th)17.1(us)14.3(,)-421.5(s)0(i)17.7(n)0(g)21.2(l)0(e)12.8(-)0(b)19.6(r)0(e)19.2(a)0(t)12.8(h)-421.9(di)18.9(f)20.4(f)0(u)13.9(s)0(i)17.7(n)0(g)-411.2(c)0(a)14.7(p)0(a)20.8(c)0(i)18.4(t)0(y)-419.3(o)0(f)-412.8(t)0(h)18.8(e)-422.3(lu)18.9(ng)-416.9(fo)19.6(r)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0698 TD [(ca)14.7(rb)19.6(on)-399.9(mo)18.1(no)15.5(xi)18.9(de)-394.6(me)12(as)19.6(ur)19.6(em)12(en)20.8(ts)-397.8(ar)19.2(e)-410.9(a)0(b)20.8(l)0(e)-397(t)0(o)-396.6(d)0(i)13.2(f)20.4(fe)19.2(re)13.5(nt)18.9(ia)18.4(te)]TJ T* [(be)15.1(tw)14.9(ee)20.4(n)-609.7(r)0(e)19.2(s)0(p)14.4(i)0(r)17.3(a)0(t)18.5(o)0(r)19.6(y)-609.7(sy)14.4(mp)18.1(to)18.9(ma)17.7(ti)16.5(c)-610.1(a)0(n)20.8(d)-609.7(no)15.5(ns)20(ym)18.1(pt)13.2(om)18.1(at)18.4(ic)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(su)14.4(bj)18.9(ec)14.7(t)13.9(s)-445.8(in)-436.4(a)-445(g)0(e)15.1(n)0(e)15.1(r)0(a)19.2(l)-447(po)21.2(pu)15.5(la)18.4(ti)16.5(on)-434(sa)13.9(mp)18.1(le)18.4(.)-444.3(T)0(h)17.1(e)-445(lo)18.9(ng)15.5(-t)17.3(er)19.2(m)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(im)15.7(pl)13.2(i)13.9(c)0(a)14.7(t)0(i)16.5(o)0(n)21.2(s)-320.6(of)-316.1(a)-319.8(r)0(e)19.2(d)0(u)15.5(c)0(e)20.4(d)-325.1(si)17.7(ng)21.2(le)18.5(-b)13.9(re)19.2(at)18.5(h)-319.4(d)0(i)13.2(f)20.4(fu)19.6(si)17.7(ng)-314.5(ca)20.4(pa)15.1(ci)18.4(ty)]TJ ET 1 i 58.28 739.899 227.168 -0.51 re f 58.28 723.458 227.168 -0.51 re f 58.28 460.913 227.168 -0.454 re f BT /F2 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 58.28 772.667 Tm [(Table)-331.9(5.)-336.7(\261)-952.9(Multiple)-622.5(linear)-616.2(regression)-622.8(of)-614.9(mean)-621.8(single-)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(breath)-250.8(transfer)-251.5(factor)-245(of)-254.5(the)-246.3(lung)-250.4(for)-250.3(carbon)-246.8(monoxide)-254(with)]TJ T* [(respect)-220.1(to)-216.6(sex,)-215.6(age,)-219(height,)-217.6(smoking)-219.4(habits)-221.8(and)-215.5(respiratory)]TJ T* (symptoms*)Tj /F8 1 Tf 14.1317 -1.7072 TD (r)Tj 6.276 0 0 6.276 219.175 728.957 Tm 0.0001 Tc (SEM)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 251.66 728.957 Tm 0 Tc (p-value)Tj /F5 1 Tf -21.5674 -2.0044 TD [(Main)-333.3(effects)-335(\(no)-339.5(interaction)-332.7(term)-334.1(entered\))]TJ /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.0559 TD [(Intercept)-9681.8(-8.60)]TJ T* [(Male)-335.7(sex)-9812.6(1.45)-2448.4(0.14)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 22.067 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.01)Tj -22.6171 -1.0496 TD [(Age)-11521.9(-0.06)-2448.8(0.00)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 22.067 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.01)Tj -22.6171 -1.0559 TD [(Height)-10804.3(0.09)-2448.4(0.01)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 22.067 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.01)Tj -22.6171 -1.0559 TD [(Hb)-12281.4(0.03)-2448.4(0.00)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 22.067 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.01)Tj -22.6171 -1.0559 TD [(HbCO)-10574.9(-0.03)-2448.8(0.00)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 22.067 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.01)Tj -22.6171 -1.0559 TD [(Smoking)-334.4(habits)]TJ 0.6639 -1.0559 TD [(Exsmokers)-8109.9(-0.08)-2448.8(0.13)]TJ T* [(Current)-340.3(smokers)-5856.4(-0.21)-2448.8(0.16)]TJ -0.6639 -1.0559 TD [(Smoking)-334.4(consumption)]TJ 0.3351 -1.0559 TD [(\(in)-330.6(pack-yrs\))]TJ 12.8418 1.0559 TD [(-0.02)-2448.8(0.006)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 8.89 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.01)Tj -22.6171 -2.1119 TD [(Morning)-335.6(cough)-7249.6(0.08)-2448.4(0.13)-3169.2(0.54)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(Phlegm)-334.7(when)-336.2(coughing)-3614.8(-0.14)-2448.8(0.12)-3169.2(0.24)]TJ T* [(Chronic)-333.1(cough)-7211.7(-0.07)-2448.8(0.17)-3169.2(0.69)]TJ T* [(Wheezing)-9158.8(-0.08)-2448.8(0.10)-3169.2(0.47)]TJ T* [(Breathlessness)-335.9(score)-4943.7(-0.40)-2448.8(0.07)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 22.067 0 TD (<)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.01)Tj /F5 1 Tf -22.6171 -1.0559 TD [(Interaction)-337.8(terms)-334.7(that)-333.6(are)-326.8(significant)-336.7(and)-330.8(borderline)-335.9(signi-)]TJ 0.999 -1.0559 TD [(nificant)-334.7(when)-333.3(entered)-328.8(separately)-332.5(in)-335.1(the)-332.9(above)-337.2(r)13.4(egression)]TJ T* (analysis)Tj /F8 1 Tf -0.999 -1.0559 TD [(Morning)-335.6(cough/age)-5605.5(0.01)-2448.4(0.01)-3169.2(0.06)]TJ T* [(Chronic)-333.1(cough/smoking)]TJ 0.3351 -1.0496 TD (habits)Tj 22.2819 1.0496 TD (0.02)Tj 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[(Prognosis)-619.4(of)-619.6(cryptogenic)-619.1(fibrosing)-622.9(alveolitis.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 19.9425 0 TD (Thorax)Tj /F8 1 Tf -19.9425 -1.1128 TD [(1983;)-328.6(38:)-336(349\261355.)]TJ -2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(3.)-1766.5(Herbert)-231.2(S,)-234.9(W)70.8(eill)-232.5(H,)-233.3(Stuckey)-230.9(W)83.4(,)-236.9(Urner)-236.4(C,)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 18.7854 0 TD [(et)-235.1(al)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 1.7135 0 TD [(.)-230.5(Pulmonary)]TJ -17.9824 -1.1128 TD [(diff)10.4(using)-266.6(capacity)-271.7(in)-266.9(polycythemic)-267.8(states)-269.2(before)-270.3(and)-263.8(after)]TJ 0 -1.1065 TD [(phlebotomy)61.9(.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.267 0 TD (Chest)Tj /F8 1 Tf 2.5924 0 TD [(1965;)-334.9(48:)-329.7(408\261415.)]TJ -10.3759 -1.1128 TD [(4.)-1766.5(Lipscomb)-232.3(D,)-233.3(Patel)-234.3(K,)-227(Hugues)-235.1(J.)-231.2(Interpretation)-238.6(of)-233.9(increase)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(in)-254.3(the)-259.9(transfer)-261.2(coefficient)-255.5(for)-259.6(carbon)-256.7(monoxide)-259.2(\()]TJ /F3 1 Tf 19.1205 0 TD (T)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 257.272 619.71 Tm (L,CO)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 273.316 619.71 Tm (/)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.2719 0 TD (V)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 280.29 619.71 Tm (A)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 80.844 609.732 Tm (or)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.1508 0 TD (K)Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 97.172 609.732 Tm -0.0001 Tc (CO)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 107.093 609.732 Tm 0 Tc (\).)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.9042 0 TD (Thorax)Tj /F8 1 Tf 3.212 0 TD [(1978;)-328.6(33:)-336(728\261733.)]TJ -9.5602 -1.1065 TD [(5.)-1766.5(Cotes)-258.4(JE,)-253.2(Chinn)-263.8(DJ,)-253(Quanjer)-261.9(PH,)-256.7(Roca)-261.5(J,)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 19.2469 0 TD [(et)-260.4(al)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 1.7388 0 TD [(.)-255.8(Standard-)]TJ -18.4692 -1.1128 TD [(isation)-409.2(of)-417.3(the)-411.6(measurement)-419.1(of)-410.9(transfer)-419.3(factor)-411.8(\(diffusing)]TJ T* [(capacity\).)-490(Report)-491.6(of)-486.8(working)-489.9(party)62.6(.)-489.8(Standardisation)-495.1(of)]TJ 0 -1.1065 TD [(lung)-367.1(function)-368.2(tests,)-367.7(1993)-364.7(update.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 13.7966 0 TD [(Eur)-369.9(Respir)-365.4(J)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 5.6147 0 TD [(1993;)-366.6(6:)]TJ -19.4113 -1.1128 TD [(Suppl.)-330.1(16,)-330.7(41\26152.)]TJ -2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(6.)-1766.5(Cotes)-239.5(JE,)-240.5(Chinn)-238.5(DJ,)-240.3(Reed)-242.5(JW)82.7(.)-236.9(Lung)-241.7(function)-241.7(testing:)-246.7(me-)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(thods)-329.8(and)-333.4(reference)-338.6(values)-335.2(for)-335.5(forced)-333.5(expiratory)-342.6(volume)]TJ 0 -1.1065 TD [(and)-131(transfer)-141(factor)49.8(.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 7.3283 0 TD [(Occup)-139.4(Envir)33.6(on)-138.1(Med)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 7.9289 0 TD [(1997;)-132.6(54:)-140(457\261465.)]TJ -17.7737 -1.1128 TD [(7.)-1766.5(Paoletti)-237.5(P)103.1(,)-236.9(V)47.8(iegi)-236.5(G,)-239.6(Pistelli)-247.7(G.)-239.6(Reference)-241.2(equations)-241.2(for)-240.7(the)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(single-breath)-230.6(diff)10.4(using)-228.7(capacity)57.1(.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 12.8734 0 TD [(Am)-233.4(Rev)-229.1(Respir)-226.3(Dis)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 7.676 0 TD (1985;)Tj -20.5495 -1.1128 TD [(132:)-329.1(806\261813.)]TJ -2.5165 -1.1065 TD [(8.)-1766.5(T)66.6(eculescu)-346.4(D,)-347.1(Stanescu)-351.5(D.)-340.8(Lung)-349.2(diff)10.4(using)-348.8(capacity)63.4(.)-344.4(Nor-)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(mal)-514.7(values)-524.9(in)-513.5(male)-520.3(smokers)-519.9(using)-519.5(the)-519.1(breath-holding)]TJ T* (technique.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.4324 0 TD [(Scand)-332.3(J)-334.4(Respir)-333.8(Dis)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 8.1629 0 TD [(1970;)-334.9(51:)-336(137\261149.)]TJ -15.1118 -1.1065 TD [(9.)-1766.5(V)54.1(iegi)-268.1(G,)-271.3(Paoletti)-269.1(P)103.1(,)-268.5(Prediletto)-275.4(R,)-266.4(Di)-270.2(Pede)-268(F)71.5(,)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 20.1448 0 TD [(et)-266.7(al)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 1.7451 0 TD [(.)-268.5(Carbon)]TJ -19.3734 -1.1128 TD [(monoxide)-328.7(diff)10.4(using)-329.8(capacity)63.4(,)-331.7(other)-329.4(indices)-324.4(of)-328.7(lung)-329.1(func-)]TJ T* [(tion,)-410.3(and)-409.2(respiratory)-413.8(symptoms)-415.4(in)-412.4(a)-410.3(general)-416.4(population)]TJ T* (sample.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.3828 0 TD [(Am)-334.6(Rev)-330.3(Respir)-333.8(Dis)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 8.087 0 TD [(1990;)-334.9(141:)-335.5(1033\2611039.)]TJ -13.9863 -1.1065 TD [(10.)-1266.5(Bakke)-412.7(P)109.4(,)-413.9(Eide)-414.6(GE,)-407(Hanoa)-417.6(R,)-411.8(Gulsvik)-410.4(A.)-416.7(Occupational)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(dust)-216.5(or)-214.9(gas)-220.7(exposure)-225.2(and)-219.6(prevalences)-225.4(of)-221.3(respiratory)-230.4(symp-)]TJ T* [(toms)-389.1(and)-396.6(asthma)-394(in)-393.4(a)-391.3(general)-397.4(population.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 17.5208 0 TD [(Eur)-395.2(Respir)-390.7(J)]TJ /F8 1 Tf -17.5208 -1.1128 TD [(1991;)-328.6(4:)-336.5(273\261278.)]TJ -2.5165 -1.1065 TD [(1)32.1(1)0(.)-1298.6(Bakke)-343.1(PS,)-346.8(Baste)-346.7(V)123.6(,)-344.4(Hanoa)-341.7(R,)-348.6(Gulsvik)-347.1(A.)-347.1(Prevalence)-349.8(of)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(obstructive)-306.7(lung)-310.2(disease)-310.3(in)-311.2(a)-309.1(general)-308.9(population:)-313.5(relation)]TJ T* [(to)-380.8(occupational)-392.1(title)-386.1(and)-390.3(exposure)-383.3(to)-387.1(some)-386.5(airbome)-386.9(ag-)]TJ 0 -1.1065 TD (ents.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.1751 0 TD (Thorax)Tj /F8 1 Tf 3.2057 0 TD [(1991;)-334.9(46:)-329.7(863\261870.)]TJ -7.8973 -1.1128 TD [(12.)-1266.5(Gulsvik)-227(A,)-227(Bakke)-223(P)103.1(,)-224.2(Humerfelt)-234.4(S,)-228.6(Omenaas)-223.4(E,)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 21.0679 0 TD [(et)-228.8(al)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 1.7072 0 TD [(.)-224.2(Mea-)]TJ -20.2586 -1.1128 TD [(surements)-445.2(of)-442.6(respiratory)-445.4(symptoms)-440.7(and)-447.2(sample)-444.5(size)-443.7(to)]TJ T* [(detect)-253.9(a)-252.2(given)-252.5(diff)10.4(erence)-256.2(between)-254.3(treatment)-257.6(groups)-258.3(in)-248(ob-)]TJ 0 -1.1065 TD [(structive)-276.2(lung)-278.6(disease.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.0923 0 TD [(Eur)-281.4(Respir)-276.9(Rev)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 6.3798 0 TD [(1991;)-278(1:)-279.6(436\261443.)]TJ -17.9887 -1.1128 TD [(13.)-1266.5(Bjartveit)-383.2(K,)-378.7(Foss)-378.3(O,)-378.7(Gjervig)-384.6(T)72.9(.)-376(The)-381.1(cardiovascular)-385.3(dis-)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(eases)-245.8(in)-241.7(Norwegian)-251.5(counties.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 11.7859 0 TD [(Acta)-250.2(Med)-245.3(Scand)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 6.7465 0 TD [(1983;)-246.4(675:)]TJ -18.5325 -1.1128 TD [(Suppl.)-330.1(1:)-336.5(1\261184.)]TJ 25.4813 54.7817 TD [(14.)-1266.5(Gulsvik)-486.2(A,)-479.9(Bakke)-482.3(P)103.1(,)-483.5(Humerfelt)-487.4(S,)-481.5(Omenaas)-489(E,)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 23.1229 0 TD [(et)-488(al)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 1.9664 0 TD (.)Tj -22.5728 -1.1191 TD [(Single)-373.1(breath)-379.2(transfer)-381.3(factor)-380.2(for)-373.5(carbon)-376.8(monoxide)-379.3(in)-374.4(an)]TJ T* [(asymptomatic)-220.3(population)-223.1(of)-214.9(never)-219.3(smokers.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 17.4576 0 TD (Thorax)Tj /F8 1 Tf 3.0919 0 TD (1992;)Tj -20.5495 -1.1255 TD [(47:)-336(167\261173.)]TJ -2.5165 -1.1065 TD [(15.)-1266.5(W)70.8(elle)-356.4(I,)-351.1(Eide)-357.7(GE,)-356.4(Bakke)-355.8(P)109.4(,)-357(Gulsvik)-353.5(A.)-359.8(Applicability)-358.3(of)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1255 TD [(the)-247.2(single-breath)-249.6(carbon)-250.4(monoxide)-246.5(diff)10.4(using)-247.6(capacity)-246.4(in)-248(a)]TJ 0 -1.1192 TD [(Norwegian)-238.8(community)-244(study)62.2(.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 11.9819 0 TD [(Am)-233.4(J)-239.5(Respir)-238.9(Crit)-242.6(Car)33.6(e)-239.5(Med)]TJ /F8 1 Tf -11.9819 -1.1191 TD [(1998;)-334.9(158:)-329.1(1745\2611750.)]TJ -2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(16.)-1266.5(American)-250.4(Thoracic)-248.7(Society)63.9(.)-243.2(Single)-246.7(breath)-246.4(carbon)-250.4(monox-)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1192 TD [(ide)-304.1(diff)10.4(using)-304.5(capacity)-303.3(\(transfer)-312.2(factor\):)-306.6(recommendations)]TJ T* [(for)-291.3(a)-283.8(standard)-290.9(technique)-290.3(-)-291.3(1995)-282.5(update.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 16.0223 0 TD [(Am)-284(J)-290.1(Respir)-289.5(Crit)]TJ -16.0223 -1.1191 TD [(Car)33.6(e)-334.4(Med)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 4.3818 0 TD [(1995;)-334.9(152:)-335.5(2185\2612198.)]TJ -6.8983 -1.1128 TD [(17.)-1266.5(Jones)-372.7(RS,)-378.2(Meade)-370.5(F)71.5(.)-376(A)-375.9(theoretical)-377(and)-371.3(experimental)-382.3(an-)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1191 TD [(alysis)-572.9(of)-569(anomalities)-569.1(in)-570.4(the)-569.7(estimation)-576.1(of)-569(pulmonary)]TJ T* [(diff)10.4(using)-336.2(capacity)-341.2(by)-334.1(the)-335.8(single-breath)-338.1(method.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 19.4556 0 TD [(Q)-331.6(J)-334.4(Exp)]TJ -19.4556 -1.1255 TD (Physiol)Tj /F8 1 Tf 3.3006 0 TD [(1961;)-334.9(46:)-329.6(131\261143.)]TJ -5.8171 -1.1065 TD [(18.)-1266.5(ECCS.)-398(European)-398.3(Community)-394.3(for)-398.8(Coal)-396.9(and)-396.6(Steel.)-401.6(Stan-)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1192 TD [(dardized)-517.1(lung)-512.5(function)-519.9(testing.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 13.4172 0 TD [(Bull)-518.4(Eur)-515.3(Physiopathol)]TJ -13.4172 -1.1255 TD (Respir)Tj /F8 1 Tf 2.9149 0 TD [(1983;)-334.9(19:)-329.7(Suppl.)-336.4(5,)-331.2(1\26195.)]TJ -5.4314 -1.1065 TD 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