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[(ex)15.1(am)17.7(in)18.9(at)18.5(io)18.8(n)-291(p)0(r)13.9(i)0(o)18.9(r)-292.6(to)-282.7(st)17.7(ud)21.2(y)67.5(.)-284.9(Fi)14(ve)-280.8(of)-282(th)18.9(e)-291.4(s)0(u)14.4(b)0(j)18.9(e)0(c)20.4(t)0(s)-283.9(h)0(a)15.1(d)-291(ne)20.8(ve)15.1(r)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(sm)16.9(ok)15.5(ed)-223.9(an)15.1(d)-234.1(f)0(i)17.3(v)0(e)-229.6(w)12.4(er)13.5(e)-234.5(a)0(c)14.7(t)0(i)22.2(v)0(e)-229.6(c)0(u)15.1(r)0(r)18(e)0(n)20.8(t)-236.5(ci)18.4(ga)15.1(re)19.2(tt)16.5(e)-234.5(s)0(m)11.2(o)0(k)21.2(e)0(r)19.2(s)0(.)-230(O)0(n)]TJ 0 -1.0641 TD [(br)19.6(on)15.5(ch)15.1(os)20(co)20.8(py)78.1(,)-205.2(n)0(o)-189.3(e)0(v)15.1(i)0(d)18.9(e)0(n)15.1(c)0(e)-195.8(o)0(f)-190.9(l)0(o)13.2(c)0(a)20.4(l)0(i)16.5(z)0(e)14.7(d)-199.9(ai)18.4(rw)15.7(ay)-195.4(di)18.9(se)13.9(as)19.6(e)-206(w)0(a)16.9(s)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(fo)19.6(un)15.5(d.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0527 TD -0.0172 Tc [(T)51.9(w)-4.8(o)-348(n)-17.2(on)-17.2(sm)-17.2(ok)-17.2(er)-17.2(s)-334.5(a)-17.2(nd)-342.3(o)-17.2(n)-1.7(e)-342.7(s)-17.2(mo)-17.2(ke)-17.2(r)-333.7(w)-17.2(er)-17.2(e)-333.7(a)-17.2(to)-17.2(pi)-17.2(c)-334.5(t)-17.2(o)-334.1(g)-17.2(ra)-17.2(ss)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0641 TD 0 Tc [(po)15.5(ll)22.2(en)15.1(,)-347.5(b)0(u)21.2(t)-344.6(we)16.9(re)-339.3(st)17.7(ud)15.5(ie)18.4(d)-342.2(o)0(u)15.5(t)-344.6(of)-338.9(se)19.6(as)13.9(on)-337.3(an)20.8(d)-347.9(h)0(a)20.8(d)-347.9(no)-337.3(up)21.2(pe)15.1(r)]TJ 0 -1.0698 TD [(re)19.2(sp)14.4(ir)17.3(at)18.5(or)19.6(y)-325.1(t)0(r)17.3(a)0(c)14.7(t)-321.8(sy)14.4(mp)18.1(to)18.9(ms)-318.8(or)-316.1(si)17.7(gn)21.2(s)-326.3(o)0(f)-316.1(a)0(c)20.4(u)0(t)18.9(e)-325.5(rh)13.9(in)18.9(it)16.5(is)17.7(.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(Th)17.1(e)-575.9(c)0(l)18.5(i)0(n)18.8(i)0(c)18.4(a)0(l)-567.7(a)0(n)20.8(d)-575.5(de)20.8(mo)12.4(gr)19.6(ap)15.1(hi)18.9(c)-570.2(c)0(h)15.1(a)0(r)19.2(a)0(c)14.7(t)0(e)18.4(r)0(i)17.3(s)0(t)17.7(i)0(c)18.4(s)-576.7(of)-560.8(th)13.2(e)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0698 TD [(su)20(bj)13.2(ec)20.4(ts)-318.1(st)17.7(ud)21.2(ie)12.8(d)-319.4(a)0(r)13.5(e)-319.8(de)15.1(ta)18.4(il)16.5(ed)-314.9(in)-316.9(ta)18.4(bl)18.9(e)-325.5(1)0(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 25.1977 50.3215 TD [(Exp)-6.8(eriment)-10.3(al)-334(details)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 1.0015 -2.0998 TD [(Th)17.1(e)-348.3(e)0(x)15.1(p)0(e)20.8(r)0(i)17.3(m)0(e)12(n)0(t)18.9(a)0(l)-334.4(p)0(r)14(o)0(t)18.9(o)0(c)15.1(o)0(l)18.9(s)-343.4(us)14.4(ed)-337.7(we)16.9(re)-339.3(si)17.7(mi)15.7(la)18.5(r)-349.5(t)0(o)-334(t)0(h)13.2(o)0(s)20(e)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(pr)13.9(ev)20.8(io)13.2(us)20(ly)-499(re)19.2(po)15.5(rt)17.3(ed)-497([2)13.9(6].)-510(In)-515.3(order)-525.2(to)-521.7(standardiz)-10.7(e)-519(their)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(recent)-271.5(hist)-9(ory)58.7(,)-262.1(smoking)-268.1(p)-6.5(articipan)-11.1(ts)-261.2(wer)-8.2(e)-262.9(asked)-267.6(to)-265.7(smok)-7.4(e)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(one)-292.9(cigar)-8.6(ette)-293.2(of)-293.3(their)-295.1(regular)-296.2(brand)-296(10)-286.1(min)-298(prior)-293.9(to)-288.4(bron-)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(cho)-8.4(scopy)62.9(.)-319.1(4)-313.7(MB)-8.2(q)-313.7(o)0(f)]TJ 7.472 0 0 6.641 394.979 713.31 Tm 0 Tw (3)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 398.721 708.888 Tm [(H-wat)-10.4(er)-316.5(and)-321.4(1.0)-314.9(MBq)-321.9(of)]TJ 7.472 0 0 6.641 502.186 713.31 Tm (14)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 509.669 708.888 Tm (C-urea)Tj -20.1104 -1.0471 TD [(in)-419.3(0.5)-417.3(mL)-418.5(norm)-7.8(al)-419.7(saline)-421.1(wer)-8.2(e)-416.6(injected)-424.2(intravenous)-11.1(ly)-419.3(5)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(min)-525.7(before)-520.7(undergoing)-518.5(a)-519(3)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 11.6087 0 TD (6)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.0015 0 TD [(60)-519.4(mL)-520.9(sequent)-9.7(ial)-519.6(BAL.)]TJ -12.6103 -1.0527 TD [(BAL)-191.5(was)-189.9(performed)-197.7(using)-183.8(ster)-8.6(ile)-189.6(pyrogen)-7.3(-free)-191.5(phospha)-6.9(te-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(buffered)-370.2(saline)-375.5(prew)-9(armed)-373.6(to)-368.1(37)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 13.35 0 TD (8)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.387 0 TD [(C)-369.7(i)0(n)-373.8(a)-371.1(segment)-377.1(of)-367.3(the)]TJ -13.737 -1.0528 TD [(right)-425.6(mid)-7.8(dle)-420.5(lobe)-421.2(using)-422.8(an)-423(Olympu)-8.3(s)-417.4(B)0(F)-420.9(P)0(1)-6.4(0)-416.2(broncho)-7.3(-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(scope)-256.2(\(5)-247.8(mm)-246.8(exter)-8.6(nal)-249.8(diameter)-11.1(;)-242.1(O)0(l)-7.8(ympus,)-253.2(T)63.4(okyo,)-248.1(Japan\))-8.2(.)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(Asp)-7.4(iration)-367.3(of)-367.3(each)-362.8(inje)-8.2(cted)-364.7(aliquot)-365.7(was)-366.3(carri)-10.2(ed)-360.4(out)-363.2(sep-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(arate)-9(ly)-356.7(and)-355.5(immedi)-10.3(ately)58.9(,)-353.2(a)0(t)-357.1(a)-354(suction)-364.5(pressure)-359.6(of)-355.9(-6.65\261)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(-13.3)-312.3(kPa)-303.5(\(-50\2611)-7.8(00)-308.8(mmHg\))-311.5(into)-309.4(individua)-8.7(l)-304.7(glass)-310.6(vessels)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(kep)-8.4(t)-333.2(o)0(n)-331.6(ice.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0528 TD [(Th)17.1(re)13.5(e)-314.2(v)0(e)20.8(n)0(o)15.5(u)0(s)-304.3(b)0(l)18.8(o)0(o)15.5(d)-313.7(sa)19.6(mp)12.4(le)18.4(s)-314.9(\()0(2)19.6(0)-313.7(mL)14(\))-315.3(w)0(e)16.9(r)0(e)-305.1(t)0(a)18.4(k)0(e)15.1(n)-313.8(fr)18(om)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(th)13.2(e)-308.5(a)0(r)19.2(m)-311.2(co)20.8(nt)18.9(ra)13.5(la)18.4(te)18.5(ra)13.5(l)-304.7(t)0(o)-299.8(t)0(h)18.8(a)0(t)-300.2(u)0(s)14.4(e)0(d)-297.8(f)0(o)19.6(r)-309.7(th)18.8(e)-308.5(i)0(s)17.7(o)0(t)13.2(o)0(p)21.2(e)-308.5(in)18.8(je)12.8(ct)18.5(io)18.8(n)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(si)17.7(mu)12.4(lt)16.5(an)20.8(eo)15.1(us)20(ly)-316.9(wi)20.6(th)-316.9(ea)14.7(ch)-314.9(B)11.6(A)0(L)-316.9(a)0(s)13.9(p)0(i)18.9(r)0(a)19.2(t)0(i)16.5(o)0(n)15.5(.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(Fo)16.3(ll)16.5(ow)17.3(in)18.9(g)-262.5(m)0(e)17.7(a)0(s)19.6(u)0(r)13.9(e)0(m)17.7(e)0(n)15.1(t)-259.2(of)-247.8(BA)18.3(L)-261(r)0(e)19.2(t)0(u)13.2(r)0(n)-247.8(v)0(o)15.5(l)0(u)18.9(m)0(e)17.7(s)0(,)-252.7(a)-257.2(to)18.9(ta)18.5(l)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0528 TD [(ce)14.7(ll)-552.6(co)20.8(un)15.5(t)-555.1(w)0(a)16.9(s)-559.6(pe)15.1(rf)18(or)19.6(me)12(d)-558.4(u)0(s)20(i)0(n)18.8(g)-558.4(a)-558.8(N)0(e)11.2(u)0(b)21.2(a)0(u)15.1(e)0(r)-549.8(c)0(o)20.8(u)0(n)15.5(t)0(i)16.5(n)0(g)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ch)15.1(am)17.7(be)15.1(r)-235.7(\()0(R)14.9(e)0(i)18.5(c)0(h)20.8(e)0(r)13.5(t)0(,)-225.5(B)0(u)16.5(f)20.4(fa)13.5(lo)18.8(,)-233.7(N)0(Y)138.6(,)-233.7(US)18.1(A\))15.7(.)-239.4(S)11.4(am)17.7(pl)13.2(es)-225.1(we)16.9(re)-231.2(as)19.6(s-)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(es)13.9(se)19.6(d)-296.7(f)0(o)19.6(r)-292.6(ob)15.5(vi)18.9(ou)15.5(s)-292.2(b)0(l)18.9(e)0(e)14.7(d)0(i)18.9(n)0(g)-286.1(a)0(t)-288.8(t)13.9(hi)13.2(s)-292.2(s)0(t)17.7(a)0(g)15.1(e)-291.4(wi)14.9(th)-282.7(th)13.2(e)-291.4(i)0(n)18.9(t)0(e)12.8(n)0(t)18.9(i)0(o)18.8(n)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(of)-208(ex)20.8(cl)12.8(ud)21.2(in)18.9(g)-217(a)0(n)20.8(y)-211.3(su)14.4(ch)-201.1(sa)13.9(mp)18.1(le)18.5(s)-212.5(f)0(r)12.4(o)0(m)-203.8(f)0(u)19.6(r)0(t)17.3(h)0(e)15.1(r)-212.9(an)15.1(al)18.5(ys)20(is)17.7(.)-210.9(I)0(n)-208(t)0(h)18.9(e)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(ev)15.1(en)15.1(t)13.9(,)-313.4(th)13.2(i)13.9(s)-314.9(wa)16.9(s)-314.9(n)0(o)21.2(t)-316.1(re)19.2(qu)15.5(ir)17.3(ed)-303.5(fo)19.6(r)-315.3(a)0(n)15.1(y)-313.7(of)-304.7(th)18.9(e)-314.1(s)0(a)19.6(m)0(p)18.1(l)0(e)12.8(s)0(.)-298.2(C)0(e)16.1(l)0(l)16.5(s)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(we)16.9(re)-219.8(se)19.6(pa)15.1(ra)19.2(te)18.4(d)-228.4(f)0(r)18(o)0(m)-215.2(t)0(h)18.9(e)-223.1(BA)12.6(L)-221.1(s)0(u)14.3(p)0(e)20.8(r)0(n)13.9(a)0(t)18.5(a)0(n)20.8(t)0(,)-219.8(a)0(n)20.8(d)-222.7(pl)13.2(as)19.6(ma)-215.6(wa)16.9(s)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(se)13.9(pa)20.8(ra)13.5(te)18.4(d)-222.7(f)0(r)12.4(o)0(m)-215.2(w)0(h)17.3(o)0(l)18.9(e)-228.8(bl)18.9(oo)15.5(d)-222.7(w)0(i)14.9(t)0(h)18.9(i)0(n)-220.2(1)-222.7(h)-228.4(b)0(y)-217.8(c)0(e)20.4(n)0(t)18.9(r)0(i)17.3(f)0(u)14(g)0(a)20.8(t)0(i)16.5(o)0(n)-217.8(a)0(t)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD (4)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.4951 0 TD (8)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.3756 0 TD 0.4157 Tc [(C\()415.7(2)435.3(0)-0.5(m)415.7(i)431.4(na)415.7(t)13(1)415.7(0)431.2(0)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 7.3237 0 TD 0 Tc (6)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.9902 0 TD (g)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.9162 0 TD [(an)15.1(d)-410.5(1)0(0)-405.6(m)0(i)15.7(n)-416.2(at)-408.3(20)21.2(0)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 7.7676 0 TD (6)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.9902 0 TD (g)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.4894 0 TD 0.4158 Tc [(,r)415.8(e)435(s)415.8(p)430.2(e)415.8(c)436.2(-)]TJ -19.3479 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-0.1992 TD (mL)Tj 7.472 0 0 6.641 95.244 336.642 Tm -0.0185 Tc (-1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 104.598 332.22 Tm 0 Tc [(in)-322.6(th)18.9(e)-336.9(n)0(o)21.2(n)0(s)14.4(m)0(o)18.1(k)0(e)20.8(r)0(s)-328.7(a)0(n)20.8(d)-336.5(5.)21.6(3\213)16.7(1.)15.9(6)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 12.7411 0 TD (m)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.5634 0 TD [(mo)18.1(l)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 1.5137 0.1992 TD (.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.2731 -0.1992 TD (mL)Tj 7.472 0 0 6.641 268.498 336.642 Tm -0.0185 Tc (-1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 277.852 332.22 Tm 0 Tc (in)Tj -22.0395 -1.0528 TD [(th)18.9(e)-308.5(s)0(m)16.9(o)0(k)15.5(e)0(r)19.2(s)-309.2(\()]TJ 6.974 0 0 6.974 111.742 321.732 Tm 0.0001 Tc (NS)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 120.472 321.732 Tm 0.3077 Tc (,p)Tj /F8 1 Tf 1.0471 0 TD 0 Tc (=)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.5406 0 TD [(0.)15.9(3\))19.6(.)-307.7(B)0(A)12.6(L)-306.5(fl)17.3(ui)18.9(d)-308.1(t)0(o)18.9(t)0(a)18.4(l)-310.4(ce)20.4(ll)-302.2(co)20.8(un)15.5(ts)-295.3(fr)12.4(om)]TJ -7.8302 -1.0471 TD [(sm)16.9(ok)15.5(er)19.2(s)-576.7(w)0(e)16.9(r)0(e)-566.9(e)0(l)12.8(e)0(v)20.8(a)0(t)18.4(e)0(d)15.1(:)-577.9(al)18.5(iq)18.9(uo)15.5(t)-577.9(2)0(,)-564.5(m)0(e)17.7(d)0(i)13.2(a)0(n)-565.3(2)0(7)15.5(0)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 20.4518 0 TD (6)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.9902 0 TD (10)Tj 7.472 0 0 6.641 281.707 315.723 Tm (3)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 58.28 300.813 Tm [(\(r)18(an)15.1(ge)-292.2(10)15.5(0\261)21.2(63)15.5(0\))]TJ /F4 1 Tf 6.84 0 TD [(ve)14.7(rs)18.9(us)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 2.7884 0 TD (90)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.9845 0 TD (6)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.9902 0 TD (10)Tj 7.472 0 0 6.641 183.685 305.235 Tm (3)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 190.431 300.813 Tm [(ce)20.4(ll)16.5(s)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 1.7527 0.1992 TD (.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.2731 -0.1992 TD (mL)Tj 7.472 0 0 6.641 224.107 305.235 Tm (-1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 233.178 300.813 Tm [(\(4)13.9(5\261)21.2(13)15.5(0\))-293.3(\(p)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 4.689 0 TD (<)Tj /F3 1 Tf -22.2444 -1.0471 TD [(0.)15.9(05)21.2(\);)-386.8(al)18.4(iq)18.9(uo)15.5(t)-390.1(3)0(,)15.9(3)0(0)21.2(0)-393.4(\(8)13.9(0\261)21.2(69)15.5(0\))]TJ /F4 1 Tf 12.3599 0 TD [(ve)20.4(rs)18.9(us)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 2.8737 0 TD [(70)-388.5(ce)20.4(ll)16.5(s)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 3.1412 0.1992 TD (.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.2731 -0.1992 TD (mL)Tj 7.472 0 0 6.641 257.556 294.803 Tm (-1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 267.534 290.381 Tm [(\(3)19.6(0\261)]TJ -21.0038 -1.0528 TD [(12)15.5(0\))-236.4(\(p)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 2.8453 0 TD (<)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.5463 0 TD [(0.)21.6(05)15.5(\).)-236.1(BA)18.3(L)-249.6(r)0(e)19.2(t)0(u)18.9(r)0(n)-242.1(v)0(o)21.2(l)0(u)18.9(m)0(e)12(s)-246.7(w)12.4(e)0(r)13.5(e)-245.9(si)17.7(mi)15.7(la)18.4(r)-247.1(\()0(t)17.3(a)0(b)20.8(l)0(e)-243.3(2\).)]TJ -3.3916 -1.0471 TD [(T)63.4(able)-336.3(2)-336.5(includes)-342.9(the)-335.1(individua)-8.7(l)-333.2(radio)-8.2(isotope)-336.1(acti)-8.6(vities)-337.7(in)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(the)-323.7(BAL)-322.3(fluid)-328.8(and)-321.4(plasma)-325.1(toget)-9(her)-323(with)-324.7(the)-323.7(backgro)-7.7(und)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(levels)-381.2(observ)-7.8(ed.)-372.2(The)-376.7(coefficient)-373.1(of)-378.7(variation)-380.6(for)-375.4(plasm)-10.9(a)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(counts)-173.6(was)]TJ /F14 1 Tf 4.4728 0 TD (#)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8365 0 TD [(0.02)-162(an)-7.6(d)-160.1(for)-170.5(BAL)-168.7(supern)-7.8(atant)-168.7(samp)-7.8(les)]TJ /F14 1 Tf 15.08 0 TD (#)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8365 0 TD (4%.)Tj -21.2257 -1.0527 TD [(The)-399.5(calcul)-10.6(ated)-398.9(radio)-8.2(labelled)-401.4(urea)-403.8(and)-401(water)-399.5(flux)-405.4(in)-396.6(the)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(different)-307.4(aliquots)-310.7(are)-312(summari)-11.5(zed)-304.7(in)-311.2(figure)-312.2(1)-302.4(and)-310(table)-311(2)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(respec)-8.6(tively)56.2(.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(Ov)17.3(er)13.5(al)18.5(l,)-293.7(in)-294.1(al)12.8(l)-304.7(s)0(u)20(b)0(j)18.9(e)0(c)14.7(t)0(s)17.7(,)-302(th)18.9(er)13.5(e)-302.8(w)0(a)16.9(s)-309.2(a)-302.8(s)0(i)17.7(g)0(n)15.5(i)13.9(fi)11.6(ca)20.4(nt)-294.1(in)13.2(cr)19.2(ea)14.7(se)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0527 TD [(in)-624.2(ur)19.6(ea)-628.3(le)18.4(ve)20.8(ls)-625.4(in)-624.2(se)19.6(qu)15.5(en)15.1(t)13.9(i)0(a)12.8(l)-629.1(al)12.8(i)13.9(q)0(u)15.5(o)0(t)18.9(s)0(,)-622.6(u)0(s)14.4(i)0(n)18.9(g)-632.4(bo)21.2(th)-624.2(th)13.2(e)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ra)19.2(di)13.2(ot)18.9(ra)19.2(ce)14.7(r)-486.1(m)13.2(et)12.8(ho)21.2(d)-484.5(a)0(n)15.1(d)-484.5(th)18.9(e)-484.9(b)0(i)18.9(o)0(c)15.1(h)0(e)20.8(m)0(i)15.7(c)0(a)14.7(l)-481.2(as)13.9(sa)19.6(y)-484.5(\()0(p)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 20.2697 0 TD (<)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.5463 0 TD [(0.)21.6(05)15.5(;)]TJ -20.816 -1.0528 TD [(fi)17.3(gs)20(.)-393(1)-393.4(and)-406.7(2\).)-401.8(This)-409.1(was)-406.2(so)-401.1(for)-409.5(both)-403.8(smok)-7.4(ers)-403.8(and)-406.7(non-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(smok)-7.4(ers.)-358.7(This)-357.9(means)-367.5(that,)-355.7(inevi)-9(tably)59.3(,)-358.9(there)-361.4(was)-360.6(a)-354(signi)-9.8(-)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(fican)-8.6(t)-373(incre)-8.6(ase)-379.9(in)-379.5(the)-380.7(calculated)-386.7(volum)-9.3(es)-378.7(of)-378.7(ELF)-379.6(in)-379.5(the)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(sequent)-9.7(ial)-337.5(aliquots)-339.2(\(p)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 8.6496 0 TD (<)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.552 0 TD [(0.05\);)-338.2(tabl)-8.2(e)-331.2(2)0(.)]TJ -8.2001 -1.0528 TD [(Th)17.1(er)19.2(e)-553.2(w)12.4(er)13.5(e)-547.5(l)0(o)18.9(w)0(e)16.9(r)-548.7(le)12.8(ve)20.8(ls)-540(of)-543.7(B)11.6(A)0(L)-544.5(f)0(l)17.3(u)0(i)18.9(d)-547.1(ur)14(ea)-537.2(in)-538.8(th)13.2(e)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(sm)16.9(ok)15.5(er)19.2(s)-286.5(c)0(o)20.8(m)0(p)18.1(a)0(r)13.5(e)0(d)-275.1(t)0(o)-277.1(t)13.9(he)-275.1(no)15.5(ns)20(mo)12.4(ke)20.8(rs)-277.5(in)-277.1(al)18.4(l)-282(a)0(l)18.4(i)0(q)13.2(u)0(o)21.2(t)0(s)17.7(.)-284.9(Th)17.1(is)]TJ 25.1977 66.1583 TD [(wa)16.9(s)-451.5(s)0(i)17.7(g)0(n)21.2(i)0(f)17.3(i)0(c)18.4(a)0(n)15.1(t)-447(us)20(in)18.9(g)-450.3(t)0(h)18.9(e)-445(ra)19.2(di)13.2(ot)18.9(ra)19.2(ce)14.7(r)-446.2(m)0(e)17.7(t)0(h)18.8(o)0(d)-439.7(\()0(p)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 19.4901 0 TD (<)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.5463 0 TD [(0.)21.6(00)15.5(5\))19.6(.)]TJ -20.0364 -1.0471 TD [(Th)17.1(er)13.5(e)-439.3(w)0(a)16.9(s)-445.8(no)-434(su)20(gg)21.2(es)13.9(ti)16.5(on)-434(t)13.9(h)0(a)15.1(t)-441.3(th)18.9(e)-445(g)0(r)19.6(a)0(s)13.9(s)-440.1(po)15.5(ll)16.5(en)20.8(-s)18.4(en)15.1(si)17.7(ti)16.5(ve)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(at)12.8(op)21.2(ic)-260.4(in)13.2(di)18.9(vi)18.9(du)15.5(al)18.5(s)-269.4(w)0(e)16.9(r)0(e)-259.6(d)0(i)18.9(f)14.7(fe)19.2(re)19.2(nt)-265.7(w)12.4(i)0(t)16.5(h)-268.2(re)13.5(ga)20.8(rd)-264.9(to)-260(B)11.6(A)0(L)-265.7(f)0(l)17.3(u)0(i)18.8(d)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ur)13.9(ea)-315.3(le)18.4(ve)15.1(ls)-312.4(\(f)18(ig)13.2(s.)-309.6(1)-325.1(and)-338.4(2\).)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0528 TD [(La)16.7(r)14.7(g)0(e)-195.4(b)0(u)21.2(t)-208(va)20.8(ri)17.3(ab)15.1(le)-197.8(am)17.7(ou)21.2(nt)13.2(s)-201.1(o)0(f)]TJ 7.472 0 0 6.641 436.535 734.23 Tm (3)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 440.164 729.808 Tm [(H-)15.7(wa)16.9(te)18.4(r)-207.2(w)0(e)16.9(r)0(e)-197(d)0(e)15.1(t)0(e)18.4(c)0(t)18.4(e)0(d)-195.4(i)0(n)]TJ -13.1338 -1.0471 TD [(th)13.2(e)-234.5(B)11.6(AL)-231.5(su)20(pe)20.8(rn)13.9(at)18.5(an)15.1(ts)-221.3(fr)12.4(om)-226.6(bo)21.2(th)-225.8(th)18.9(e)-234.5(s)0(m)11.2(o)0(k)21.2(e)0(r)19.2(s)-235.3(an)15.1(d)-234.1(n)0(o)15.5(n)0(s)20(m)0(o)18.1(-)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(ke)15.1(rs)-357.1(\(t)17.3(ab)15.1(le)-357.1(2\).)-367.7(There)-380.2(were)-379.3(no)-377.1(correla)-12.1(tions)-379.7(between)]TJ 7.472 0 0 6.641 519.137 713.31 Tm 0.0001 Tc (14)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 526.62 708.888 Tm 0 Tc (C-)Tj -21.8119 -1.0471 TD [(urea)-335.5(and)]TJ 7.472 0 0 6.641 347.187 702.879 Tm (3)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 350.929 698.456 Tm [(H-wat)-10.4(er)-333.6(levels)-335.7(in)-334(either)-336.1(subjec)-9(t)-327.5(group)-335.5(\(r)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 16.3205 0 TD (=)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.552 0 TD (0.15)Tj -21.0493 -1.0527 TD [(for)-341.2(smokers,)]TJ 6.974 0 0 6.974 362.891 687.968 Tm 0.0001 Tc (NS)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 371.735 687.968 Tm 0.3332 Tc (;r)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.9276 0 TD 0 Tc (=)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.552 0 TD [(0.1)-7.6(7)-330.8(for)-335.5(nonsm)-8.2(okers,)]TJ 6.974 0 0 6.974 475.767 687.968 Tm 0.0001 Tc (NS)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 484.668 687.968 Tm 0 Tc (\).)Tj /F6 1 Tf -8.4334 -2.4583 TD [(Discu)-10.9(ssion)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -8.1659 -1.7527 TD [(Th)17.1(er)13.5(e)-558.8(r)0(e)13.5(m)0(a)17.7(i)0(n)18.8(s)-565.3(co)20.8(ns)14.4(id)18.9(er)19.2(ab)15.1(le)-550.6(co)15.1(nf)19.6(us)14.4(io)18.9(n)-564.1(r)0(e)19.2(g)0(a)15.1(r)0(d)19.6(i)0(n)18.9(g)-564.1(th)18.9(e)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(ex)15.1(pr)19.6(es)13.9(si)17.7(on)-251.9(of)-253.5(BA)18.3(L)-266.7(d)0(a)20.8(t)0(a)18.4(.)-262.1(Ma)13.2(ny)-251.9(ce)20.4(nt)13.2(re)19.2(s)-263.7(c)0(o)20.8(n)0(t)18.9(i)0(n)13.2(u)0(e)-252.3(t)0(o)-254.3(u)0(s)20(e)-262.9(th)18.9(e)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(ur)13.9(ea)-389.3(me)17.7(th)18.9(od)-394.2(in)-390.9(an)-388.9(at)18.4(te)18.4(mp)18.1(t)-401.5(t)0(o)-390.9(s)0(t)17.7(a)0(n)20.8(d)0(a)15.1(r)0(d)19.6(i)0(z)12.8(e)-393.8(re)13.5(su)20(lt)16.5(s)-400.3(f)0(r)18(o)0(m)-391.6(a)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(di)13.2(ve)20.8(rs)18.4(e)-399.5(a)0(r)19.2(r)0(a)13.5(y)-393.4(of)-390.1(st)17.7(ud)21.2(ie)18.4(s)-400.3([)0(2)19.6(2\26124].)-404.1(This)-409.1(study)-411.4(has)-407.9(clearly)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(demon)-7.4(stra)-8.6(ted)-437.6(that)-8.2(,)-432.9(durin)-7.8(g)-438.9(the)-437.6(course)-440.7(of)-441.3(a)-439.3(standardiz)-10.7(ed)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(BAL)-322.3(with)-319(minimal)-320.8(dwell)-320.2(time,)-319(there)-321.6(is)-312.4(a)-314.2(subst)-8.6(antial)-319.8(rise)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD 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T* [(am)17.7(ou)15.5(nt)-214.5(as)13.9(sa)19.6(ye)15.1(d)-222.7(d)0(i)13.2(r)0(e)19.2(c)0(t)18.4(l)0(y)-220.2(i)0(n)-214.5(t)0(h)13.2(e)-223.1(BA)12.6(L)-226.8(s)0(u)20(p)0(e)15.1(r)0(n)19.6(a)0(t)18.5(a)0(n)15.1(t)0(.)-214.1(T)0(h)17.1(e)-228.8(la)18.4(r)20.4(g)0(e)]TJ T* [(di)18.9(f)20.4(f)0(e)13.5(r)0(e)19.2(n)0(c)15.1(e)0(s)-435.6(b)0(e)20.8(t)0(w)14.9(e)0(e)14.7(n)-444.6(pl)18.9(as)19.6(ma)-437.6(an)15.1(d)-444.6(B)11.6(AL)-436.4(co)15.1(nc)20.8(en)15.1(tr)17.3(at)18.5(io)18.8(ns)-440.9(of)]TJ T* [(ur)19.6(ea)-338.1(me)17.7(an)-332(th)18.9(at)-334.4(th)13.2(e)-342.6(u)0(s)20(e)-342.6(of)-333.2(an)-332(in)13.2(di)18.9(re)19.2(ct)-334.4("t)15.9(ra)19.2(ce)14.7(r")-330.4(to)-334(es)13.9(ti)22.2(ma)12(te)]TJ T* [(fl)17.3(ux)-735.6(is)-733.5(re)19.2(la)12.8(ti)16.5(ve)20.8(ly)-738(i)13.9(m)0(p)12.4(r)0(e)19.2(c)0(i)18.4(s)0(e)-737.2(c)0(o)20.8(m)0(p)12.4(a)0(r)19.2(e)0(d)-736(t)0(o)-732.3(t)0(h)13.2(e)-740.9(di)18.9(re)13.5(ct)]TJ T* [(bi)18.9(oc)15.1(he)20.8(mi)15.7(ca)14.7(l)-287.7(e)0(s)19.6(t)0(i)16.5(m)0(a)17.7(t)0(i)16.5(o)0(n)15.5(.)-284.9(Th)17.1(e)-285.7(a)0(u)15.1(t)0(h)18.9(o)0(r)19.6(s)-286.5(fe)13.5(el)-277.5(th)18.9(at)-277.5(th)13.2(e)-285.7(m)0(e)17.7(t)0(h)18.9(o)0(d)15.5(s)]TJ T* [(us)20(ed)-309.2(ar)19.2(e)-314.1(l)0(i)16.5(k)0(e)15.1(l)0(y)-305.5(t)0(o)-305.5(b)0(e)-303.5(r)0(o)19.6(b)0(u)15.5(s)0(t)-306.7(e)0(n)20.8(o)0(u)15.5(g)0(h)-303.1(t)0(o)-305.5(g)0(i)18.9(v)0(e)-309.2(c)0(o)20.8(n)0(f)13.9(i)0(d)18.9(e)0(n)20.8(c)0(e)-309.6(i)0(n)]TJ 25.1977 26.8537 TD [(th)13.2(e)-501.9(g)0(e)20.8(n)0(e)15.1(r)0(a)19.2(l)-503.9(co)20.8(nc)15.1(lu)18.8(si)17.7(on)15.5(s)-502.7(o)0(f)-492.5(t)0(h)18.8(e)-501.9(pr)19.6(es)14(en)20.8(t)-503.9(s)0(t)17.7(u)0(d)15.5(y)73.2(,)-501.2(h)0(o)21.2(w)0(e)11.2(v)0(e)20.8(r)60.2(.)]TJ 0 -1.0755 TD [(In)13.9(de)20.8(ed)15.1(,)-290.6(s)0(i)17.7(m)0(i)15.7(l)0(a)18.5(r)-292.6(tr)17.3(en)15.1(ds)-281.6(we)16.9(re)-282.4(ob)15.5(se)19.6(rv)19.6(ed)-286.5(us)20(in)18.8(g)-291(b)0(o)15.5(t)0(h)-282.7(m)0(e)17.7(a)0(s)14(u)0(r)19.6(e)0(-)]TJ T* [(me)12(nt)-242.9(ap)15.1(pr)19.6(oa)15.1(ch)20.8(es)14(.)-250.8(T)0(h)17.1(e)-251.6(pr)13.9(es)19.6(en)15.1(t)-253.5(d)0(e)20.8(s)0(i)17.7(g)0(n)-246.2(i)0(n)18.8(d)0(i)13.2(c)0(a)20.4(t)0(e)18.4(s)-258(th)18.9(at)-243.3(st)17.7(ud)15.5(ie)18.4(s)]TJ T* [(in)13.2(to)-464.8(th)13.2(e)-473.5(d)0(y)15.5(n)0(a)15.1(m)0(i)15.7(c)0(s)-464.1(o)0(f)-469.7(p)0(u)15.5(l)0(m)15.7(o)0(n)21.2(a)0(r)13.5(y)-478.8(pe)20.8(rm)16.5(ea)14.7(bi)18.9(li)16.5(ty)-470.5(fr)18(om)-471.3(th)18.9(e)]TJ ET 1 i 58.28 758.834 478.205 -0.51 re f 58.28 732.926 478.205 -0.51 re f 58.28 442.035 478.205 -0.51 re f BT /F2 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 58.28 772.667 Tm [(Table)-331.9(2.)-336.7(\261)-333.2(Individual)-490.1(bronchoalveolar)-485.6(lavage)-488.3(\(BAL\))-491.2(fluid)-486.8(and)-487.4(plasma)-485.5(14C)-492.1(and)-487.4(3H)-487.7(counts*,)-487.8(BAL)-487(return)-488.8(volumes)-484.9(and)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(calculated)-334.6(water)-333.3(flux)-333.2(and)-335.7(epithelial)-335.8(lining)-332.9(fluid)-335.1(\(ELF\))-334.6(volumes)-333.2(for)-332.5(all)-333.5(individuals)-337.6(studied)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 0 -1.7072 TD (ID**)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 104.712 751.861 Tm 0.0001 Tc (14)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 111.458 747.893 Tm 0 Tc [(C)-333(urea)-333.6(BAL)]TJ 0.1518 -1.0559 TD [(fluid)-332(dpm)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 172.8 751.861 Tm 0.0001 Tc (14)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 179.49 747.893 Tm 0 Tc [(C)-339.3(urea)-333.6(plasma)]TJ 1.6566 -1.0559 TD (dpm)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 248.145 751.861 Tm 0 Tw (3)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 251.49 747.893 Tm (H)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 257.953 746.362 Tm (2)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 261.298 747.893 Tm [(O)-337.9(BAL)-332.5(fluid)]TJ 0.999 -1.0559 TD (dpm)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 324.624 751.861 Tm (3)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 327.968 747.893 Tm (H)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 334.431 746.362 Tm (2)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 337.776 747.893 Tm [(O)-337.9(plasma)]TJ 0.3098 -1.0559 TD (dpm)Tj 5.3682 1.0559 TD [(BAL)-332.4(return)]TJ 1.6503 -1.0559 TD (mL)Tj 4.8433 1.0559 TD [(W)70.8(ater)-336(flux)-330.1(***)]TJ 2.3584 -1.0559 TD (mL)Tj 5.5578 1.0559 TD (ELF)Tj 0.1897 -1.0559 TD (mL)Tj -51.4495 -2.0044 TD [(NS)-336(1:1)-4686.1(39)-6751.9(445)-6713.4(3005)-5840.3(7294)-5315.5(15)-6334.6(6.2)-4244.6(0.4)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(NS)-336(1:2)-4686.1(33)-6751.9(472)-6713.4(2651)-5840.3(7522)-5315.5(20)-6334.6(7.0)-4244.6(0.4)]TJ T* [(NS)-336(1:3)-4686.1(46)-6751.9(390)-6713.4(3403)-5840.3(7019)-5315.5(16)-6334.6(7.8)-4244.6(0.6)]TJ T* [(NS)-336(2:1)-5185.7(2)-6752.4(299)-6713.4(1694)-5840.3(5026)-5315.5(17)-6334.6(5.7)-4244.6(0.1)]TJ 0 -1.0496 TD [(NS)-336(2:2)-5185.7(7)-6752.4(314)-6713.4(2691)-5840.3(5241)-5315.5(36)-5835(18.5)-4244.1(0.3)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(NS)-336(2:3)-4686.1(10)-6751.9(302)-6713.4(3585)-5840.3(5062)-5315.5(55)-5835(39.0)-4244.1(0.5)]TJ T* [(NS)-336(3:1)-4686.1(13)-6751.9(280)-7212.9(582)-5840.9(3763)-5315.5(25)-6334.6(3.9)-4244.6(0.3)]TJ T* [(NS)-336(3:2)-4686.1(36)-6751.9(273)-6713.4(1662)-5840.3(3660)-5315.5(43)-5835(19.5)-4244.1(1.4)]TJ T* [(NS)-336(3:3)-4686.1(46)-6751.9(274)-6713.4(1867)-5840.3(3636)-5315.5(50)-5835(25.7)-4244.1(2.3)]TJ T* [(NS)-336(4:1)-4686.1(12)-6751.9(208)-6713.4(2592)-5840.3(8617)-5315.5(17)-6334.6(5.1)-4244.6(0.1)]TJ T* [(NS)-336(4:2)-4686.1(16)-6751.9(364)-6713.4(5041)-5840.3(6822)-5315.5(28)-5835(20.7)-4244.1(0.3)]TJ T* [(NS)-336(4:3)-4686.1(16)-6751.9(157)-6713.4(4051)-5840.3(7039)-5315.5(25)-5835(14.4)-4244.1(0.3)]TJ T* [(NS)-336(5:1)-5185.7(6)-6752.4(664)-7212.9(333)-5840.9(7259)-5815(5)-6335.1(0.2)-4244.6(0.1)]TJ T* [(NS)-336(5:2)-4686.1(30)-6751.9(572)-6713.4(3355)-5840.3(6641)-5315.5(36)-5835(18.2)-4244.1(1.0)]TJ T* [(NS)-336(5:3)-4686.1(31)-6751.9(430)-6713.4(2466)-5840.3(6423)-5315.5(50)-5835(19.2)-4244.1(1.3)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(1:1)-4521.8(20)-6751.9(724)-6713.4(1644)-5840.3(8756)-5315.5(25)-6334.6(4.7)-4244.6(0.3)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(1:2)-4521.8(29)-6751.9(770)-6713.4(2689)-5840.3(9735)-5315.5(40)-5860.3(1)25.8(1.0)-4244.6(0.8)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(1:3)-4521.8(28)-6751.9(773)-6713.4(3216)-5840.3(9224)-5315.5(45)-5835(15.7)-4244.1(0.9)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(2:1)-5021.3(8)-6752.4(665)-7212.9(662)-5840.9(6442)-5315.5(16)-6334.6(1.6)-4244.6(0.1)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(2:2)-4521.8(20)-6751.9(572)-6713.4(2128)-5840.3(6294)-5315.5(37)-5835(12.5)-4244.1(0.6)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(2:3)-4521.8(29)-6751.9(441)-6713.4(2874)-5840.3(6261)-5315.5(47)-5835(21.6)-4244.1(1.2)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(3:1)-4521.8(12)-6751.9(581)-7212.9(969)-5840.9(7874)-5315.5(13)-6334.6(1.6)-4244.6(0.2)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(3:2)-4521.8(20)-6751.9(581)-6713.4(2400)-5840.3(6437)-5315.5(44)-5835(16.4)-4244.1(1.0)]TJ 0 -1.0496 TD [(SM)-333.4(3:3)-4521.8(17)-6751.9(523)-6713.4(2438)-5840.3(6741)-5315.5(46)-5835(16.6)-4244.1(1.0)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(SM)-333.4(4:1)-4521.8(24)-6751.9(559)-7212.9(728)-5840.9(4294)-5315.5(12)-6334.6(2.0)-4244.6(0.4)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(4:2)-4521.8(37)-6751.9(652)-6713.4(1456)-5840.3(4800)-5315.5(20)-6334.6(6.1)-4244.6(0.7)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(4:3)-4521.8(49)-6751.9(690)-6713.4(2295)-5840.3(4941)-5315.5(23)-5835(10.7)-4244.1(1.2)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(5:1)-5021.3(8)-6752.4(564)-6713.4(2290)-5840.3(8339)-5315.5(16)-6334.6(4.4)-4244.6(0.1)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(5:2)-4521.8(17)-6751.9(652)-6713.4(4715)-5840.3(7506)-5315.5(50)-5835(31.4)-4244.1(0.5)]TJ T* [(SM)-333.4(5:3)-4521.8(16)-6751.9(690)-6713.4(4315)-5840.3(8658)-5315.5(52)-5835(25.9)-4244.1(0.6)]TJ 0 -1.9475 TD [(*:)-235.3(all)-237(isotope)-242.4(counts)-234.2(are)-239.3(background-corrected)-241.3(\()]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 227.112 432.567 Tm 0.0001 Tc (14)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 233.858 428.542 Tm 0 Tc [(C:)-233.7(5;)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 253.361 432.567 Tm (3)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 256.762 428.542 Tm [(H:10\))-238(and)-232.2(expressed)-238.3(in)-235.3(quench-corrected)-242.3(disintegrations)-241.1(per)-239.5(minute)-237.3(\(dpm\);)-237.1(**:)]TJ -22.1365 -1.0559 TD [(the)-297.8(number)-296.7(after)-304.8(the)-297.8(colon)-296.8(identifies)-303.3(the)-297.8(BAL)-300.8(aliquot.)-297.1(Hence,)-300.1(NS)-298(1:1)-298(is)-299.7(nonsmoker)-296.4(\(NS\))-299(1)-296.7(aliquot)-300.5(1;)-298.5(***:)-297.5(derived)-296.5(value)-302.9(for)-297.6(labelled)]TJ T* [(water)-338.8(calculated)-336(from)-330.6(the)-335.8(BAL)-332.4(and)-333.4(plasma)]TJ 6.725 0 0 5.977 218.494 413.631 Tm (3)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 221.896 409.606 Tm [(H)-331.6(counts.)-332(ELF:)-334.7(epithelial)-341.2(lining)-332.9(fluid;)-333.9(ID:)-333.9(identifier;)-342.9(SM:)-335.2(smoker)49.8(.)]TJ ET 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 3.864 M []0 d /GS3 gs 516.617 210.326 m 492.317 212.43 l 467.716 205.632 l 522.213 216.222 m 497.311 218.326 l 467.115 208.523 l 490.814 233.124 m 467.115 204.43 l 413.519 219.528 m 388.317 212.43 l 363.115 201.424 l 418.814 254.233 m 393.011 238.534 l 367.508 205.031 l 417.913 290.626 m 392.765 242.375 l 366.661 256.386 l S BT /F20 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 338.551 194.313 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs (0.0)Tj 0 2.4709 TD (0.2)Tj 0 2.5419 TD (0.4)Tj 0 2.5135 TD (0.6)Tj 0 2.59 TD (0.8)Tj 0 2.4993 TD (1.0)Tj ET /GS3 gs 353.993 324.261 m 353.993 197.458 l 354.233 324.069 m 351.491 324.069 l 354.233 298.621 m 351.491 298.621 l 354.233 273.285 m 351.491 273.285 l 354.233 247.695 m 351.491 247.695 l 354.233 222.447 m 351.491 222.447 l 354.233 197.71 m 351.491 197.71 l 361.771 191.878 m 424.636 191.878 l 362.098 192.088 m 362.098 189.346 l 388.211 192.088 m 388.211 189.346 l 413.954 192.088 m 413.954 189.346 l S BT 10 0 0 10 359.902 179.923 Tm /GS4 gs 2.1426 Tc [(12)8.6(3)]TJ -4.0385 14.6906 TD 0 Tc (a\))Tj ET /GS3 gs 457.993 324.261 m 457.993 197.458 l 458.232 324.069 m 455.491 324.069 l 458.232 298.621 m 455.491 298.621 l 458.232 273.285 m 455.491 273.285 l 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[(1991;)-334.9(104:)-329.1(128\261132.)]TJ -2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(1)25.8(1)0(.)-1292.3(Bonomo)-338.6(L,)-341(Daddabbo)-346.5(A.)-340.8(125albumin)-342.7(turnover)-341.4(and)-339.7(loss)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(of)-480.5(protein)-488.8(into)-483.3(the)-487.5(sputum)-482.9(in)-481.9(chronic)-486.2(bronchitis.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 21.1122 0 TD (Clin)Tj -21.1122 -1.1192 TD [(Chim)-337.2(Acta)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 4.6347 0 TD [(1964;)-334.9(10:)-329.7(214\261222.)]TJ -7.1512 -1.1065 TD [(12.)-1266.5(W)70.8(ard)-214.2(C,)-215.8(Duddridge)-216.8(M,)-211.7(Fenwick)-215.2(J,)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 16.2752 0 TD [(et)-216.1(al)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 1.6945 0 TD [(.)-217.9(Urea)-210.4(as)-214.9(a)-214.3(dilution)]TJ -15.4532 -1.1192 TD [(marker)-291.1(for)-291.3(the)-291.5(determination)-295.9(of)-284.5(the)-291.5(epithelial)-297(lining)-288.6(fluid)]TJ 0 -1.1128 TD [(at)-254.1(bronchoalveolar)-263.7(lavage.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 10.7426 0 TD [(Am)-258.7(Rev)-254.4(Respir)-257.9(Dis)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 7.7835 0 TD [(1992;)-252.8(146:)]TJ -18.5261 -1.1192 TD (444\261447.)Tj -2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(13.)-1266.5(W)70.8(ard)-245.8(C,)-241.1(Duddridge)-248.4(M,)-243.4(Fenwick)-246.8(J,)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 16.4649 0 TD [(et)-241.4(al)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 1.7198 0 TD [(.)-243.2(A)0(n)-248.9(evaluation)-248(of)]TJ -15.6682 -1.1128 TD [(albumin)-243.1(as)-246.6(a)-239.6(reference)-250.1(marker)-246.9(for)-240.7(bronchoalveolar)-251(lavage)]TJ T* [(fluid)-287.7(in)-292.2(asthmatic)-295.8(and)-289.1(control)-292.8(subjects.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 15.8262 0 TD (Thorax)Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.1615 0 TD [(1993;)-290.7(48:)]TJ -18.9877 -1.1192 TD (518\261522.)Tj -2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(14.)-1266.5(W)70.8(ard)-416.5(C,)-424.4(Fenwick)-423.9(J,)-414.6(W)70.8(eddle)-423(A,)-423(Booth)-415.5(H,)-423(W)70.8(alters)-420.7(EH.)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(Albumin)-373.1(is)-375.6(not)-373.9(suitable)-376.9(as)-373(a)-372.3(marker)-373.3(of)-373(bronchoalveolar)]TJ 0 -1.1192 TD [(lavage)-371.7(\(BAL\))-377.6(dilution)-372.2(in)-374.4(interstitial)-379(lung)-373.4(disease)-373.6(\(ILD\).)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 0 -1.1128 TD [(Eur)-332(Respir)-333.8(J)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.5073 0 TD [(1997;)-334.9(10:)-329.6(2029\2612033.)]TJ -8.0238 -1.1128 TD [(15.)-1266.5(Kaplan)-356.3(JD,)-354.1(Calandrino)-359(FS,)-353.1(Schuster)-359(DP)106.6(.)-357(Effec)10.2(t)-356(o)0(f)-354(smo-)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(king)-215.3(on)-214(pulmonary)-221.7(vascular)-214.8(permeability)51.3(.)-211.6(A)-217.8(positron)-217.8(emi-)]TJ 0 -1.1192 TD [(ssion)-356.3(tomography)-354(study)62.2(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 10.2494 0 TD [(Am)-353.5(Rev)-355.6(Respir)-352.7(Dis)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8.1755 0 TD [(1992;)-353.9(145:)]TJ -18.425 -1.1128 TD (712\261715.)Tj -2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(16.)-1266.5(Gil)-253.1(E,)-252.5(Chen)-255.4(B,)-253.7(Kleerup)-255.5(E,)-252.5(W)70.8(ebber)-257.2(M,)-249.7(T)60.2(ashkin)-253.2(DP)100.3(.)-249.5(Acute)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(and)-327(chronic)-334.4(effects)-323.7(of)-335.1(marijuana)-331.1(smoking)-330.7(on)-334.1(pulmonary)]TJ 0 -1.1192 TD [(alveolar)-336.1(permeability)57.7(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 9.0165 0 TD [(Life)-336.2(Sci)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.408 0 TD [(1995;)-334.9(56:)-329.7(2193\2612199.)]TJ -14.941 -1.1128 TD [(17.)-1266.5(Y)92(ates)-266.7(DH,)-267.7(Havill)-272.7(K,)-264.9(Thompson)-268(MM,)-268.8(Rittano)-273.6(AB,)-269.1(Chu)-268.8(J,)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(Glanville)-564.2(AR.)-560(Sidestream)-558(smoke)-563(inhalation)-560.4(decreases)]TJ 0 -1.1192 TD [(respiratory)-287.3(clearance)-281.9(of)-284.5(99mT)59.9(c-DTP)85(A)-281(acutely)56.4(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 18.8423 0 TD [(Aust)-283.2(NZ)-280.5(J)]TJ -18.8423 -1.1128 TD (Med)Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.0929 0 TD [(1996;)-334.9(26:)-329.6(513\261518.)]TJ -4.6094 -1.1128 TD [(18.)-1266.5(The)-792.1(BAL)-794(Cooperative)-800.8(Group)-792.1(Steering)-796.5(Committee.)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(Bronchoalveolar)-420.1(lavage)-422.3(constituents)-416.3(in)-418.7(healthy)-418.1(individ-)]TJ 0 -1.1192 TD [(uals,)-314(idiopathic)-313.8(pulmonary)-310.2(fibrosis)-314.8(and)-314.4(selected)-310.8(compar-)]TJ 0 -1.1128 TD [(ison)-330.3(groups.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 5.2796 0 TD 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[(lungs)-412(of)-410.9(smokers)-412.4(and)-415.6(nonsmokers.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 14.8272 0 TD [(Am)-410.4(Rev)-412.5(Respir)-416(Dis)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -14.8272 -1.1192 TD [(1981;)-334.9(124:)-329.1(72\26179.)]TJ -2.5165 -1.1065 TD [(21.)-1266.5(Rennard)-235.6(S,)-241.3(Basset)-239.9(G,)-239.6(Lecossier)-237.9(D,)-239.6(O)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 17.1224 0 TD (')Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.2213 0 TD [(Donnel)-236.3(K,)-239.6(Martin)-243.4(P)103.1(,)]TJ -14.8272 -1.1192 TD [(Crystal)-494.7(RG.)-496.8(Estimation)-497.6(of)-493.1(volume)-494.2(of)-493.1(epithelial)-493(lining)]TJ 0 -1.1128 TD [(fluid)-528(recovered)-533.9(by)-523.8(lavage)-529.8(using)-532.2(urea)-529.6(as)-524.8(a)-530.4(marker)-531.4(of)]TJ 0 -1.1192 TD (dilution.)Tj /F4 1 Tf 3.6673 0 TD [(J)-334.4(Appl)-332.6(Physiol)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 6.2787 0 TD [(1986;)-334.9(60:)-329.6(532\261538.)]TJ -12.4625 -1.1128 TD [(22.)-1266.5(Baz)-420.1(MA,)-423.2(T)60.2(apson)-422.1(VF)75(,)-426.5(Roggli)-423.7(VL,)-419.7(T)28.6(rigt)-421(PV)125.6(,)-426.5(Piantadosi)]TJ 2.5165 -1.1128 TD [(CA.)-484.1(Glutathione)-487.3(depletion)-489(in)-481.9(epithelial)-486.7(lining)-491(fluid)-483.7(of)]TJ ET 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 3.864 M []0 d /GS3 gs 1 i 220.705 652.663 m 245.478 671.102 l 271.587 672.82 l 215.267 660.663 m 241.188 672.5 l 266.149 670.258 l 117.346 667.061 m 141.346 676.983 l 166.947 675.382 l 111.165 717.297 m 136.368 700.972 l 161.509 742.258 l 166.947 711.859 m 141.021 714.251 l 116.277 681.271 l 161.189 751.539 m 136.228 720.499 l 110.947 670.258 l S BT /F20 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 87.265 638.772 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs (0.0)Tj 0 4.1348 TD (0.1)Tj 0 4.2587 TD (0.2)Tj 0 4.1572 TD (0.3)Tj ET /GS3 gs 102.707 768.073 m 102.707 642.065 l 102.947 767.881 m 100.206 767.881 l 102.947 726.232 m 100.206 726.232 l 102.947 683.903 m 100.206 683.903 l 102.947 642.182 m 100.206 642.182 l 110.485 635.69 m 173.35 635.69 l 110.812 635.899 m 110.812 633.158 l 136.925 635.899 m 136.925 633.158 l 162.668 635.899 m 162.668 633.158 l S BT 10 0 0 10 108.616 623.735 Tm /GS4 gs 2.1426 Tc [(12)8.6(3)]TJ -4.0385 14.6906 TD 0 Tc (a\))Tj ET /GS3 gs 206.707 768.073 m 206.707 641.27 l 206.947 767.881 m 204.205 767.881 l 206.947 742.433 m 204.205 742.433 l 206.947 717.097 m 204.205 717.097 l 206.947 691.507 m 204.205 691.507 l 206.947 666.258 m 204.205 666.258 l 206.947 641.522 m 204.205 641.522 l 214.485 635.69 m 277.35 635.69 l 214.811 635.899 m 214.811 633.158 l 240.924 635.899 m 240.924 633.158 l 266.668 635.899 m 266.668 633.158 l S BT 10 0 0 10 212.615 623.735 Tm /GS4 gs 2.1426 Tc [(12)8.6(3)]TJ -2.0885 14.6906 TD 0 Tc (b\))Tj /F22 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 159.575 750.286 Tm (n)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k 3.864 M /GS3 gs 139.021 716.251 4 -4 re B BT 6 0 0 6 133.901 718.286 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs (n)Tj -4.2004 -8.4532 TD (n)Tj 0.0501 -3.125 TD (n)Tj 4.2004 1.2444 TD (n)Tj 4.3815 0.2336 TD (n)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k /GS3 gs 114.277 683.271 4 -4 re B BT 6 0 0 6 212.282 697.654 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs (n)Tj 0 -4.3867 TD (n)Tj 0 -2.1409 TD (n)Tj 0 0.5103 TD (n)Tj 4.3006 6.0009 TD (n)Tj 0 2.0897 TD (n)Tj 0 -4.5232 TD (n)Tj 0 -2.0576 TD (n)Tj 4.3315 11.2799 TD (n)Tj 0 -3.3726 TD (n)Tj 0 -4.4368 TD (n)Tj 0 -3.9878 TD (n)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k /GS3 gs 269.883 674.375 4 -4 re B 243.478 673.102 4 -4 re B 218.577 654.198 4 -4 re B BT /F20 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 127.102 613.735 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs [(Aliquot)-8093(Aliquot)]TJ 0 10 -10 0 79.936 675.503 Tm (Urea )Tj /F17 1 Tf 2.005 0 TD (m)Tj /F20 1 Tf 0.576 0 TD (mol\341mL)Tj 0 8 -8 0 77.102 728.192 Tm (-1)Tj /F22 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 159.575 740.685 Tm (n)Tj -4.279 -6.9326 TD (n)Tj -4.2004 2.7208 TD (n)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k /GS3 gs 165.583 677.212 4 -4 re B 139.661 678.493 4 -4 re B 114.701 668.892 4 -4 re B 165.583 713.689 4 -4 re B 3.864 M 112.548 651.062 m 136.548 657.781 l 161.509 659.702 l 266.541 740.172 m 240.868 712.82 l 214.627 700.342 l 266.541 719.936 m 241.508 699.702 l 214.627 664.18 l 266.469 692.983 m 240.552 684.838 l 215.267 673.46 l S BT /F3 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 58.28 598.564 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 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