Ty-Jour T1 - MDR / XDR-TB的Bedaquiline：富有同情心使用的第一个经验JF - 欧洲呼吸期刊Jo - Eur Respir J SP - 289 LP - 292 Do - 10.1183 / 09031936.00122313 VL - 43是 - 1 Au - Tiberi，Simon AU - De Lorenzo, Saverio AU - Centis, Rosella AU - Viggiani, Pietro AU - D’Ambrosio, Lia AU - Migliori, Giovanni Battista Y1 - 2014/01/01 UR - //www.qdcxjkg.com/content/43/1/289.abstract N2 - To the Editor:Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) are recognised as global emerging public health priorities [1, 2], with 310 000 MDR-TB cases notified to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011, 9% of them being XDR. MDR/XDR-TB testify to the failure of National TB Programmes to use available first- and second-line drugs correctly [3], and generate clinical dilemmas for clinicians managing these difficult-to-treat cases.The chances of achieving treatment success, or even sputum smear and culture conversion, are largely suboptimal in these cases [1, 2]. In the largest MDR-TB cohort ever analysed [1, 2], the proportion of cases treated successfully was 54%, with 8% failing or relapsing, 15% dying and 23% defaulting. In the XDR-TB subgroup, 40% achieved treatment success, 22% failed treatment or relapsed, 15% died, and 16% defaulted.The reason for this is simple: treatment of MDR/XDR-TB is expensive [4], more toxic [5, 6], and, as of today, takes up to 2 years of therapy according to current WHO guidelines [3]. The therapeutic armamentarium is limited in XDR-TB cases, where, by definition, the strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to the two most powerful anti-TB drugs (rifampicin and isoniazid, defining MDR-TB) plus any fluoroquinolones and to at least one second-line injectable (amikacin, capreomycin and kanamycin). The remaining treatment options available are the “old” bacteriostatic drugs and the not well-known WHO group 5 drugs [3, 5–7].The real … ER -